Intellectuals, I plan to go back to Somalia and invest my time, money and effort in improving food production, specifically crops as droughts are creating huge problems for our communities, we don't want NGO's giving us food forever, we must be independent.
I do biosciences at uni and I'm hoping to master in plant sciences very soon Insha'Allah.
What I want to know is what's the best way in improving food production in Somalia? Would it be GMO's. I've heard terrible things about them so I don't really want to let Somalis consume such things knowing that it will harm them in many ways.
There are many plants already that are drought resistant such as sorghum, millets, pigeonpea, cowpea and green gram. I think its time we use what Allah has provided for us and mass produce these crops with the latest crop producing techniques.
Merchant,
The most important factors in food production are arable soils, temperature and availability of water. In Somalia, the first two are potentially available everywhere, while the third is more abundant in the south, especially along the two rivers.
However, it's possible to plant crops anywhere there is water. Rainfed agriculture is unreliable at best, given the low and unreliable rainfall. This is the biggest challenge in Somalia. To overcome this you must start with water harvesting, collecting and preserving the little rainwater available. Secondly, one must adopt soil conservation techniques, agroforestry,permaculture, drought resistant crops like the ones you mentioned. I wouldn't encourage gmo crops because of so many reasons I cannot articulate for now, but the literature is there. Organic farming would be the way to go.
In terms of crops, I think the problem is not that we can't produce enough crops in Somalia. Given the right techniques,and the right crops, we can produce a surplus in Somalia. The problem is cultural. Let me illustrate.
What do Somalis consume as cereals? Wheat based products (baasto, kibis, canjeela,sabaayad, rooti etc) and rice. Wheat is not grown in Somalia. Rice was grown in limited quantities in the Kacaan era, but most rice was and is still imported.
Now, sorghum or hadhuudh, is a hardy, drought resistant crop , little grown and little consumed in Somalia ( mainly in Northern Somalia). It's declining as a crop. Yet if we switched Somali consumption habits, so that we all ate canjeela made from hadhuudh, we would create a demand for it, the farmers would produce it in abundance, and our local environmental conditions would support sorghum production.
The same could be said of cassava, cow peas, pigeon peas, finger millet,fonio, mung beans and the various other cereals, pulses and tubers that are drought resistant and have a short growing period with high yields.
We have to change what we eat, create the demand for locally produced foods, and the farmers will do the rest.
And of course, our wives have to learn or be taught how to produce mouthwatering foods from these products.
As for farming techniques in arid lands, there are many approaches to getting the best out of a bad situation. Look at the clip below, a bit long winded, but explains how permaculture was used to transform a very arid area in Jordan.
Keep on increasing your knowledge, we need more plant scientists in Somalia, given the catastrophic droughts and famines we face as a people.