Walashma Dynasty

What do you mean Walashma dynasty begun before aw barkhadle was alive? Aw barkhadle existed in the 12th century and walashma dynasty was founded in the 13th!!
Also the founder of the ifat sultanate sultan umar trace his abtirisi to aw barkhadle
View attachment 117449
soure: Divine fertility sada mire
Interesting, so he was known to have no descendants but one genealogy found is how you connect him to the Walashma.
 

NidarNidar

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What do you mean Walashma dynasty begun before aw barkhadle was alive? Aw barkhadle existed in the 12th century and walashma dynasty was founded in the 13th!!
Also the founder of the ifat sultanate sultan umar trace his abtirisi to aw barkhadle
View attachment 117449
soure: Divine fertility sada mire
He was Dir, the Walashma also claim lineage from Aqil ibn Abi Talib(like all Irir Samaale and Darod.) which is fictional and more for prestige, Islam spread from the coast to the interior via trade from Somalis.

"According to thirteenth-century Arab geographer Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi, Ifat was alternatively known as Jabarta."

al-Zayla'i, Al Jabarti, al-Jabarti, al-Idrisi, Al Barbar, Aji, Ṣūmāl , Tumali, are just a few to name for us, this notion of Arabs living amongst us and ruling whole dynasties are a myth.

"Zeila's two-mihrab mosque Masjid al-Qiblatayn dates to about the 7th century, and is one of the oldest mosques in Africa. In the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Somali seaboard.”

The material culture of Northern Somalia especially encomposing modern day Somaliland is very similar to those of Zeila and Berbera, several historical towns have been dug around modern day Borama containing artefacts dating to the 12th to 18th century from as far as China.

"The Walashma dynasty are regarded by scholars as the founders of the Ifat Sultanate. According to the Egyptian historian Al-Maqrizi, the ruling class of the Ifat Sultanate were Arabs from the Hejaz, while the population mostly consisted of Muslims. Ifat first emerged when Umar ibn Dunya-huz, later to be known as Sultan Umar Walasma, carved out his own kingdom and conquered the Sultanate of Shewa located in northern Hararghe. In 1288 Sultan Wali Asma successfully imposed his rule on Hubat, Zeila and other Muslim states in the region. Taddesse Tamrat explains Sultan Walashma's military acts as an effort to consolidate the Muslim territories in the Horn of Africa in much the same way as Emperor Yekuno Amlak was attempting to consolidate the Christian territories in the highlands during the same period."

"Further light on the Dir advance and Galla withdrawal seems to be afforded by an Arabic manuscript describing the history of the Gadabursi clan. This chronicle opens with an account of the wars of Imam 'Ali Si'id (d. 1392), from whom the Gadabursi today trace their descent and who is described as the only Muslim leader fighting on the Western flank in the armies of Sa'd ad-Din (d. 1415), ruler of Zeila."

It is unlikely that Cisse are the only descendants of Walashma amongst Somali clans.

The Ciise maintain that they and their cousins the Gadabuursi are both descendants of the dynasty. Interestingly, their relationship is corroborated by DNA studies they belong to the same clade.

Gadabuursi trace their lineage to Cumar Dunyahus through Ali bin Hassan bin Cumar.

According to them, the Sultan Sacad-ad-din and Imam Sicid were first cousins.

It is interesting that this Gadabuursi tradition also matches precisely the name we have recorded for Sacad-ad-din (Sacad-ad-din bin Ahmed bin Ali).

The Gadabuursi tradition says that Ali had three sons Ahmed, Oday and Daud.

The sultans Sacad-ad-din and Xaq-ud-din are sons of Ahmed bin Ali and their cousin (the father of Samaroon recorded as the western flank general) is Sicid Daud Ali.

The Gadabuursi also have specific traditions about Sultan Cumar (I remember Hassan Sheikh Mumin once mentioned it) and they also have maternal descent from the Aqeelis of Saylac as the mother of Imam Maxamuud (Samaroon) was the daughter of Ahmad bin Umar al Saylici.

This tradition is maintained also by the surviving Reer Saylac (equivalent of Reer Xamar) and the island of 'Sharifada' off Saylac is named for Imam Samaroon's mother, the daughter of the famous Shaykh.

I have seen at least two southern sub-clans maintain that they are descended from an 'Umar-Din' who came from the North (Geledi and Gasaargude). I'm not sure if it is Umar Dunyahuz or an Umar Din associated with the founder of Harar though.


Please note for clarity that 'Samaroon' and 'Gadabuursi' are not the same even though they are used that way. In terms of genealogy, Samaroon is one jilib (though a massive one). Not all Gadabuursi are Samaroon, as Gadabuursi includes multiple siblings and uncles of Samaroon (sons of Sicid and the sons of Sicid's brothers).

1743273803417.png

These Arabs they claim were more likely to be Somalis traveling into the interior preaching Islam.

"Al-Yaqubi, an Armenian Muslim scholar and traveler of the 9th century, offers fascinating historical insights. Below is an intriguing quote attributed to him.

The Walashma Kingdom, also known as the Adal Kingdom, was historically centered in Somali territories, spanning from southern Djibouti to western Somaliland and into eastern Ethiopia (the Somali Region). This dynasty played a significant role during the Middle Ages, ruling both the Ifat Sultanate and the Adal Sultanate.

"According to Sheikh Abi-Bakr Ali Alawi, a medieval Harari historian, in his writings, Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn—an individual of the Dir tribe—was the progenitor and founder of the Walashma Dynasty. The Dir tribe, recognized as one of the ancient noble Somali tribes, continues to have a significant presence in Zeila to this day. Sheikh Abi-Bakr Alawi affirms this connection in his book, stating that Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn hailed from the local Dir clan and was instrumental in establishing the Walashma Dynasty."

(Source: Quath, Faati. Islam Walbaasha Cabra Taarikh [Islam and Abyssinia Throughout History], 1957)

Even the Ethiopian chronicles acknowledge that the Ifat Sultanate was a Somali Sultanate. While the kingdom encompassed diverse conquered peoples, its core identity and leadership remained distinctly Somali.

The Eidagale, who are Isaaq, protect his shrine to this day. They are primarily T-L208, a unique subclade paternal marker for Dir."

1743269314964.png

Notice T-FGC92488 tmrca date, this the last common ancestor of all Gadabuursi, Cisse and T Isaaq. The lineage itself arose 1600 years ago, but the most recent ancestor shared by all current members lived 800 years ago.

1743270205538.png
 
and
the thing is there is two ahmed gurneys one was isaaq and the other one was the conquer of Abyssinia.was that onesomali if so what qabil was he?
Nope, are u talking about ahmed girri? We know him too and we don't mistaken him with ahmed gurey, to add so ahmed girri was from habar maqdi of daarod sub clan not isaaq
 
He was Dir, the Walashma also claim lineage from Aqil ibn Abi Talib(like all Irir Samaale and Darod.) which is fictional and more for prestige, Islam spread from the coast to the interior via trade from Somalis.

"According to thirteenth-century Arab geographer Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi, Ifat was alternatively known as Jabarta."

al-Zayla'i, Al Jabarti, al-Jabarti, al-Idrisi, Al Barbar, Aji, Ṣūmāl , Tumali, are just a few to name for us, this notion of Arabs living amongst us and ruling whole dynasties are a myth.

"Zeila's two-mihrab mosque Masjid al-Qiblatayn dates to about the 7th century, and is one of the oldest mosques in Africa. In the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Somali seaboard.”

The material culture of Northern Somalia especially encomposing modern day Somaliland is very similar to those of Zeila and Berbera, several historical towns have been dug around modern day Borama containing artefacts dating to the 12th to 18th century from as far as China.

"The Walashma dynasty are regarded by scholars as the founders of the Ifat Sultanate. According to the Egyptian historian Al-Maqrizi, the ruling class of the Ifat Sultanate were Arabs from the Hejaz, while the population mostly consisted of Muslims. Ifat first emerged when Umar ibn Dunya-huz, later to be known as Sultan Umar Walasma, carved out his own kingdom and conquered the Sultanate of Shewa located in northern Hararghe. In 1288 Sultan Wali Asma successfully imposed his rule on Hubat, Zeila and other Muslim states in the region. Taddesse Tamrat explains Sultan Walashma's military acts as an effort to consolidate the Muslim territories in the Horn of Africa in much the same way as Emperor Yekuno Amlak was attempting to consolidate the Christian territories in the highlands during the same period."

"Further light on the Dir advance and Galla withdrawal seems to be afforded by an Arabic manuscript describing the history of the Gadabursi clan. This chronicle opens with an account of the wars of Imam 'Ali Si'id (d. 1392), from whom the Gadabursi today trace their descent and who is described as the only Muslim leader fighting on the Western flank in the armies of Sa'd ad-Din (d. 1415), ruler of Zeila."



View attachment 358131
These Arabs they claim were more likely to be Somalis traveling into the interior preaching Islam.

"Al-Yaqubi, an Armenian Muslim scholar and traveler of the 9th century, offers fascinating historical insights. Below is an intriguing quote attributed to him.

The Walashma Kingdom, also known as the Adal Kingdom, was historically centered in Somali territories, spanning from southern Djibouti to western Somaliland and into eastern Ethiopia (the Somali Region). This dynasty played a significant role during the Middle Ages, ruling both the Ifat Sultanate and the Adal Sultanate.

"According to Sheikh Abi-Bakr Ali Alawi, a medieval Harari historian, in his writings, Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn—an individual of the Dir tribe—was the progenitor and founder of the Walashma Dynasty. The Dir tribe, recognized as one of the ancient noble Somali tribes, continues to have a significant presence in Zeila to this day. Sheikh Abi-Bakr Alawi affirms this connection in his book, stating that Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn hailed from the local Dir clan and was instrumental in establishing the Walashma Dynasty."

(Source: Quath, Faati. Islam Walbaasha Cabra Taarikh [Islam and Abyssinia Throughout History], 1957)

Even the Ethiopian chronicles acknowledge that the Ifat Sultanate was a Somali Sultanate. While the kingdom encompassed diverse conquered peoples, its core identity and leadership remained distinctly Somali.

The Eidagale, who are Isaaq, protect his shrine to this day. They are primarily T-L208, a unique subclade paternal marker for Dir."

View attachment 358122
Notice T-FGC92488 tmrca date, this the last common ancestor of all Gadabuursi, Cisse and T Isaaq. The lineage itself arose 1600 years ago, but the most recent ancestor shared by all current members lived 800 years ago.

View attachment 358123
Can u give me an actual source of aw barkhadle pre dating walashma? Also where did al marqizi wrote that?
 
Some folks on here claim they were Arabised Hararis & I'm interested to know how they came to that conclusion.

The Andalusian Berber Diplomat & Traveller Leo Africanus stated the founding dynasty of the Ifat Sultanate were Somalis & spoke Somali.
He didnt say that Im pretty sure some fob made that up and put it on wikipedia some day
 

Idilinaa

Retired/Inactive
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A post i made some time ago might be relevant to this:
A recent Oxford academic study says Somalis pretty much dominated Showa and conquered the Amhara province and expanded from the Somali inhabited areas.. They are basing this on cultural and material evidence that connects it to Somali inhabited areas away from the highlands, as it underwent a cultural change.

1753374795077.png
This is pretty much confirmed by Al-Maqrizi who says the Walashma founders expanded from Jabarta and a local medieval chronicle document who detail them to be by from Awdal.

Al-Maqrizi literally says they came from northern Somalia (Jabarta region connected to Zeila) and gradually moved further inland to occupy Awfat.
1753374770560.png
Local manuscript on the History of Walashma confirms and details the same thing about them conquering Shoa and incorporating it with Awdal (Zeila province).

1753374780844.png
 
Some folks on here claim they were Arabised Hararis & I'm interested to know how they came to that conclusion.

The Andalusian Berber Diplomat & Traveller Leo Africanus stated the founding dynasty of the Ifat Sultanate were Somalis & spoke Somali.
hararis didn’t exist, they are a mixed group the same of barwani that are named after an affluent trading city, the native group who created harar was somali, we built the walls to stop the oromo hordes
 

Idilinaa

Retired/Inactive
VIP
hararis didn’t exist, they are a mixed group the same of barwani that are named after an affluent trading city, the native group who created harar was somali, we built the walls to stop the oromo hordes

People of Barawa are called Tunni, Bidda or Hatimi, but collectively known as Reer Barawa.

Harari on the other hand are an East Gurage speaking group, they were originally called Adare and the name Al-Harari was a nisba used by anyone from the city.

They began to distance themselves from their Adare name in the 19th century to avoid its negative connotations and latched onto the Harari nisba as an ethnic identifier.

There is thread that goes through this:
 
We know beyond reasonable doubt that Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was Karanle and that Emir Nur ibn Mujahid was Marehan. We also know that the founding ancestor of the dynasty of Wali Asma (or Walashma) was Sheikh Aw Barkhadle, who is buried in Somaliland.

We know that the Harlas are a Darood sub-clan of Somalis, as all their living descendants claim to be so, and those who met them in previous decades and centuries recorded their lineage accordingly. All the doubt about their Somaliness stems from their occasional mention separately from Somalis in the Futuh al-Habasha, despite other times being listed alongside Somali clans. Frankly, the only reason their obvious and well-attested origin is in doubt is due to Ethiopianist/anti-Somali historians like Taddesse Tamrat, Cerulli, Pankhurst, and others who erroneously claim the were assimilated.

We have ruins of urban settlements from Awdal (e.g., Abassa) to Sanaag (e.g., Maduna) to Nugaal (e.g., Xundhurga, Xananley). Similarly important cities existed in the South, not just along the coast but also in the interior, such as Luuq and Baardheere.

Frankly, no other ethnicity in the Horn had as many significant urban centers or were as diverse in occupation, ranging from farmers and pastoralists to fishermen, metalworkers, shipbuilders, and merchants. No other group in the region was more seafaring or mercantile-oriented than us either.

We lowkey gotta stop playing respectability with these subversive ethnicities we neighbor and tell them to hop off our d!cks, constantly groveling to claim our history and disrespect us at the same time by arming themselves with colonial and Ethiopianist historians. Just look at the Afars: the peak of their history was taking over Awsa after the Awdal (Bar Sa'ad Din) Sultanate all but became a rump state. Before that, they were literally naked, teeth sharpening, backward barbarians who lived in utterly destitute conditions, without a single positive thing mentioned about them by those who visited. It's like we elevated these people into sentience.
 
We know beyond reasonable doubt that Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was Karanle and that Emir Nur ibn Mujahid was Marehan. We also know that the founding ancestor of the dynasty of Wali Asma (or Walashma) was Sheikh Aw Barkhadle, who is buried in Somaliland.

We know that the Harlas are a Darood sub-clan of Somalis, as all their living descendants claim to be so, and those who met them in previous decades and centuries recorded their lineage accordingly. All the doubt about their Somaliness stems from their occasional mention separately from Somalis in the Futuh al-Habasha, despite other times being listed alongside Somali clans. Frankly, the only reason their obvious and well-attested origin is in doubt is due to Ethiopianist/anti-Somali historians like Taddesse Tamrat, Cerulli, Pankhurst, and others who erroneously claim the were assimilated.

We have ruins of urban settlements from Awdal (e.g., Abassa) to Sanaag (e.g., Maduna) to Nugaal (e.g., Xundhurga, Xananley). Similarly important cities existed in the South, not just along the coast but also in the interior, such as Luuq and Baardheere.

Frankly, no other ethnicity in the Horn had as many significant urban centers or were as diverse in occupation, ranging from farmers and pastoralists to fishermen, metalworkers, shipbuilders, and merchants. No other group in the region was more seafaring or mercantile-oriented than us either.

We lowkey gotta stop playing respectability with these subversive ethnicities we neighbor and tell them to hop off our d!cks, constantly groveling to claim our history and disrespect us at the same time by arming themselves with colonial and Ethiopianist historians. Just look at the Afars: the peak of their history was taking over Awsa after the Awdal (Bar Sa'ad Din) Sultanate all but became a rump state. Before that, they were literally naked, teeth sharpening, backward barbarians who lived in utterly destitute conditions, without a single positive thing mentioned about them by those who visited. It's like we elevated these people into sentience.
You said everything there is to say

Also the problem isnt only our neighbors, many somalis are clinging onto this nomadic culture we have right now and if you tell them we were a sedentary people a few centuries ago they get mad
 
I honestly blame part of the probelm on how little awareness there is on somali manuscript culture Which is caused by the fact these manuscripts are so widely distributed among scholarly families and somalia was baiscally inaccessible to foreign scholars for most of the 20th century.

Take than one somali manuscript from the late 1600s in the hmml. Very few people seem to appreciate how rare it is to find manuscripts composed locally from even the 1600s in subsharan africa. I dont think you find more than a handful in west africa.
 
I honestly blame part of the probelm on how little awareness there is on somali manuscript culture Which is caused by the fact these manuscripts are so widely distributed among scholarly families and somalia was baiscally inaccessible to foreign scholars for most of the 20th century.

Take than one somali manuscript from the late 1600s in the hmml. Very few people seem to appreciate how rare it is to find manuscripts composed locally from even the 1600s in subsharan africa. I dont think you find more than a handful in west africa.
Theres a isaaq guy on twitter who found one at a family collection but hes cusuri akbar so he wont show it to any non isaaq or post it online
 

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