Somalis were not the majority in the malasaay or Adal. Somalis didn't even constitute half of the fighting force. "The jihadic wars of the
sixteenth century are presented as the work of the fanatic nomads. It is true that the nomads played an important part in the jihad between
1529-1531*. Even then, they did not constitute half of the fighting material. After that their role in the war progressively declined.



On the other hand, the farmers of Harar were engaged in the jihadic wars between 1529 and 1577 such an extent that they were exhausted, devasated and forced to abandon their means of livelihood. Most Somali nomads didn't even want to join the Jihad against abyssinia. Imam Ahmed spent a large amount of his time fighting Somali Nomads." Somalis only spent two years fighting and got exhausted. The Oxford journal you showed me was refuted by many prominent intellectual scholars. It was an opinion rather than an established fact.