(1)Edmond Joseph Keller: Led by the charismatic Somali leader Ahmad Gran (Imam Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim El-Ghazi), a coalition of Muslim invaders consisting mainly of Somali and Afar
(2)Chatterji: A Somali chief of Adel, a Muslim state on the Gulf of Aden, named Ahmed ibn Ibrahim by using the new weapon completely overthrew the Ethiopian kingdom
(3)Beckingham: Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi, called 'the left-handed' by the Somali,(gran in Amharic), was a Somali in the service of the ruler of Zeila.
(4)Groves: The leader was a Somali chief, Ahmad ibn Muhammad Gran, Muslim ruler of a border state, who with great energy and resource pressed home the invasion of Abyssinia
(5)Whiteway: He was certainly not an Arab: probably he was a Somali, for we find him closely connected with many who were Somalis.
(6)Langer: Ethiopia was overrun by the Moslem Somali chief, Ahmed Gran, who used firearms
(7) Alexander Bulatovich: "In Portuguese sources he is called King of Adal and Emir of Zeila, and they conjecture that he was Somali" -- from Ethiopia Through Russian Eyes: Country in Transition, 1896-1898
(8) In 1541, when a four-hundred- man Portuguese expedition arrived in Abyssinia, a Somali Moslem leader — Iman Ahmed, known as Gran — was threatening to extinguish the kingdom
(9) Elaine Sanceau: Imam Ahmed, once an obscure Somali warrior from Harar had risen to supremacy among the muslim tribes
(10)Andargachew Tiruneh: Harar, led by Gragn who was probably a Somali, overran the length and breadth of the central and northern Highlands from 1529 to 1543
(11)Saheed A. Adejumobi: Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi was a Somali Imam and general who defeated several Ethiopian emperors and wreaked much damage on that nation. He is also known as Ahmad Gran (or Gurey).
(12)M. Th. Houtsma: Shortly afterwards there began the great invasion of the Somali chief, Ahmed b. Muhammed Gran
(13)Ahmed Ibrahim Al Ghazi but more commonly known as Gran, was in fact thé Imam Ahmad and probably a Somali
(14)Walter Yust: Between 1528 and 1540 armies of Mohammedans, under the renowned general Mohammed
Gran (probably a Somali), entered Abyssinia from the low country
(15)The tale he told was that the Abyssinian kingdom had been cut in two by an invasion
by a Somali chief known as Granye the Left-handed.
(16)A new Muslim aggressor, the Somali upstart Ahmed ibn Ibrahim, known as Granye ("Lefty"), had reversed Ethiopia's military successes
(17)Harold Edwin Hurst: Ahmed Gran, who, between 1528 and 1540, overran most of the country. The Portuguese were determined to discover and kill the Somali leader
(18) Ahmad Gran b. Ibrahim, a Somali from Harar who conquered much of Ethiopia for Islam in the sixteenth century
(19) intervention of a small Portuguese force preserved the Christian state fromcomplete destruction by the Islamic forces of the Somali leader Ahmad Gran
(20) Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim, a religious leader who was probably Somali
(21) Tensions came to a head when Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim, a religious leader who was
probably Somali, was named amir of the eastern Islamic city of Harar
(22)Paulos Milkias, Getachew Metaferia: Somali Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (known in Ethiopia as Gragn Mohammed - the left handed) ran over the highland and devastated churches and shrines in the 1530s during the reign of Libne Dengel