Nurse Salaria Kea of Harlem Hospital collected funds for a 75-bed hospital and sent two tons of medical supplies to Ethiopia. Samuel Daniels, head of the Pan-African Reconstruction Association, toured New York and other major American cities to recruit volunteers. Soon the State Department reminded community leaders that it was illegal for American citizens to fight for a foreign power. Yet two Black pilots, Hubert Julian and John Robinson, found their way to Ethiopia to assist.
Italian-American communities stepped up their own activism. They recruited combatants and , donating wedding rings that would be sent to Italy and melted down for armaments. At a December 1935 rally in Madison Square Garden attended by 20,000, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia presented the Italian Consul General with a $100,000 check, part of a total $700,000 raised during the conflict
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