somali city states vs Axum war

[madaxweyne]

@Grant the first king of Axum had a realm in Adulis and Saba was later conquered by the Axumites.

But anyway, the websiye u linked literally saysthat the Adulite king said this:

View attachment 85856


The king clearly isn't of Sabean origin but native to the land. Mr. Kirwan's analysis doesn't sound convincing at all! his final concluion is just based on topography and nothing else even though the evidence goes directly against them. There's other reasons as to why it doesn't make sense.

To me it's just another Rossini.

Great answer
The first king of aksum ruled over adulis area initially before expanding over to the rest of Ethiopia either way he was still regarded as the first aksumite Kingdom

Grants is trying to call adulis a city state but it's beyond that by then it was already a kingdom

 

[madaxweyne]

See the big map with the sequence of conquests, which started in Adulis. Yes, the king was native, but we don't know when his kingdom was established, or from exactly where. The inscription is in Ge'ez, which could be from any of the Semitic groups.

19th dynasty Egyptian glass (Hatshepsut, 1500 BC) has been excavated at Adulis, so the Ptolemys were not the first there. Nor does a 1st century off shore Roman outpost count. The inscription is 3rd century, at which point Aksum clearly did not control Adulis. Read the rest of the text.


See the big map with the sequence of conquests, which started in Adulis. Yes, the king was native, but we don't know when his kingdom was established, or from exactly where. The inscription is in Ge'ez, which could be from any of the Semitic groups.

19th dynasty Egyptian glass (Hatshepsut, 1500 BC) has been excavated at Adulis, so the Ptolemys were not the first there. Nor does a 1st century off shore Roman outpost count. The inscription is 3rd century, at which point Aksum clearly did not control Adulis. Read the rest of the text, noticing this was in the 27th year of his reign..

https://historyinthehorn.wordpress.com/2014/05/18/monumentum-adulitanum/


Having after this with a strong hand compelled the nations bordering on my kingdom to live in peace, I made war upon the following nations, and by force of arms reduced them to subjection. I warred first with the nation of Gazê, then with Agamê and Sigyê, and having conquered them I exacted the half of all that they possessed. I next reduced Aua and Tiamô, called Tziamô, and the Gambêla, and the tribes near them, and Zingabênê and Angabe and Tiama and Athagaûs and Kalaa, and the Semênoi —- a people who lived beyond the Nile on mountains difficult of access and covered with snow, where the year is all winter with hailstorms, frosts and snows into which a man sinks knee-deep. I passed the river to attack these nations, and reduced them. I next subdued Lazine and Zaa and Gabala, tribes which inhabit mountains with steep declivities abounding with hot springs, the Atalmô and Bega, and all the tribes in the same quarter along with them. I proceeded next against the Tangaitae, who adjoin the borders of Egypt; and having reduced them I made a footpath giving access by land into Egypt from that part of my dominions. Next I reduced Annine and Metine—-tribes inhabiting precipitous mountains. My arms were next directed against the Sesea nation. These had retired to a high mountain difficult of access; but I blockaded the mountain on every side, and compelled them to come down and surrender. I then selected for myself the best of their young men and their women, with their sons and daughters and all besides that they possessed. The tribes of Rhausi I next brought to submission: a barbarous race spread over wide waterless plains in the interior of the frankincense country. Advancing thence towards the sea, I encountered the Solate, whom I subdued, and left with instructions to guard the coast. All these nations, protected though they were by mountains all but impregnable, I conquered, after engagements in which I was myself present. Upon their submission I restored their territories to them, subject to the payment of tribute. Many other tribes besides these submitted of their own accord, and became likewise tributary. And I sent a fleet and land forces against the Arabitae and Cinaedocolpitae who dwelt on the other side of the Red Sea, and having reduced the sovereigns of both, I imposed on them a land tribute and charged them to make travelling safe both by sea and by land. I thus subdued the whole coast from Leucê Cômê to the country of the Sabaeans. I first and alone of the kings of my race made these conquests. For this success I now offer my thanks to my mighty God, Arês, who begat me, and by whose aid I reduced all the nations bordering on my own country, on the East to the country of frankincense, and on the West to Ethiopia and Sasu. Of these expeditions, some were conducted by myself in person, and ended in victory, and the others I entrusted to my officers. Having thus brought all the world under my authority to peace, I came down to Aduli and offered sacrifice to Zeus, and to Ares and to Poseidon, whom I entreated to befriend all who go down to the sea in ships. Here also I reunited all my forces, and setting down this Chair in this place, I consecrated it to Ares in the twenty-seventh year of my reign.

That's just historical revisionism with no basis of facts or evidence

Just give up already old man

 

[Grant]

@Grant the first king of Axum had a realm in Adulis and Saba was later conquered by the Axumites.

But anyway, the websiye u linked literally saysthat the Adulite king said this:

View attachment 85856


The king clearly isn't of Sabean origin but native to the land. Mr. Kirwan's analysis doesn't sound convincing at all! his final concluion is just based on topography and nothing else even though the evidence goes directly against them. There's other reasons as to why it doesn't make sense.

To me it's just another Rossini.

Read the inscription, then read this from Kirwin, p. 174:

If the invader from Adulis were Axumite, he would have had no need to conquer "Ethiopia".