Jubaland and Its Inhabitants by F.Elliot

[Sultan]

Clans inhabited Jubaand during colonial rule

"......Of the tribes in Jubaland the Somali are by far the most important. In the whole of East Africa there are two branches of the Somali, the Darud [Darood] and the Ishaak. The former only is represented in Jubaland. The Dirr and Haweyeh tribes, largely represented in Italian territory and slightly in Jubaland, though called Somali are really the aborigines of the Benidir coast, and are in no way co-tribal with the Somali, with whom they seldom intermarry.

The Somali report that about 700 years ago an Arab sheik, Ismail Juberti by name, having been outlawed, fled from his country in a dhow. He landed on the Benidir coast near Hobia (or Obbia), but the Haweyeh, who then lived in the neighbourhood, refused him hospitality, so eventually he joined the Dirr tribe. From this tribe he married a wife by whom he had five sons. From one of these, named Darud [Darood] Juberti, the Darud Somali are descended. The Marehan Somali claim to be descended from Essa [Sade], a son of the above-named Darud Juberti; while the Herti [Harti] and Ogaden Somali claim descent from Kablalla Darud, another of his sons.

The Marehan, Ogaden, and Herti Somali are all strongly represented in Jubaland.

The Marehan tribe occupy the north-east part in the neighbourhood of Serenleh and Dolo. From Italian territory they have emigrated into Jubaland during the last twenty years, and are still inclined to be turbulent. They are possessors of large numbers of camels, and of horses also in lesser number, but, unlike the Ogaden, they do not rear cattle extensively. Probably their numbers do not exceed 5000.

The Herti Somali occupy the coast and extend inland as far as the Deshek Wama. Of the three sub-tribes of the Herti, the Midjertein [Majeerteen] are the most numerous in Jubaland, while the Wasengeleh are but few in number and the Dolbahanta still remain to the east of the Juba. The Herti do business as traders as well as rear cattle. Their numbers are about 3000.

The Ogaden Somali are split up into five important sub-tribes are the Mohamed Zubeir, the Aulihan, the Abd Wak, the Abdallah, and the Magharbul. Two other sub-tribes are of less importance, namely, the Her Mohamed and the Habr Suliman. It is remarkable that the so-called Mad Mullah, Mohamed Abdullah Hassan, belongs to the very unimportant tribe of the Habr Suliman. Of the Ogaden in Jubaland the Mohamed Zubeir are the most influential and numerous. They occupy the Afmadu district as far south as the Deshek Wama, and own immense quantities of cattle. The Aulihan tribe frequent the district to the west and south of Serenleh. They are rich in camels as well as cattle, and the Juba river is their main water-supply.

The Abd Wak and the Abdullah tribes occupy the districts of Rauia-adi and Lorian. The latter of these tribes wander as far as the Tana river seeking for water in the dry season. The Abd Wak are the more numerous, and might be able to put 1000 spearmen and riflemen in the field. Between these two above-mentioned tribes and the Mohamed Zubeir tribe there is a constant feud which sometimes leads to a fight. The Maghaabul sub-tribe occupies the sub-district to the east of Rama-adi, known as Joreh. Though they are not strong numerically, yet they are rich in cattle.

It is, perhaps, necessary to repeat that only Darud [Darood] Somali are to be found in Jubaland"

source :http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7398(191306)41:6<554:JAII>2.0.CO;2-R

 

[sanger]

Don't link the text lol. If you read the whole thing you will know why lol.

 

[Sultan]

 

[Sultan]

Don't link the text lol. If you read the whole thing you will know why lol.

Some ignoramuses think that Darood are newcomers in Jubaland.That's why l quoted this part of the book lol

 

[Grant]

Some ignoramuses think that Darood are newcomers in Jubaland.That's why l quoted this part of the book lol

This was written in 1913. In the 1890"s the Gosha Sultanate of Nassib Bundo defeated all nomad clans and kept them away from the Gosha settlements along the river. He only had 800-900 rifles but was only overpowered by the Italians.


The author of this piece says the Dir and Hawiyye are indigeneous to the Banadir. (!!!!)




https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/09/somali-bantu-people-hardworking.html

"Between 25,000 and 50,000 slaves were absorbed into the Somali riverine areas from 1800 to 1890. During this period of expanded agricultural production in the Shabelle River valley, the more remote and forested Juba River valley remained largely uninhabited. In the 1840s, the first fugitive slaves from the Shabelle valley arrived and settled along the Juba River. By the early 1900s, an estimated 35,000 ex-slaves were living in communities in the Juba River valley, in many cases settling in villages according to their east African tribe."

 

[Sultan]

This was written in 1913. In the 1890"s the Gosha Sultanate of Nassib Bundo defeated all nomad clans and kept them away from the Gosha settlements along the river. He only had 800-900 rifles but was only overpowered by the Italians.


The author of this piece says the Dir and Hawiyye are indigeneous to the Banadir. (!!!!)




https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/09/somali-bantu-people-hardworking.html

"Between 25,000 and 50,000 slaves were absorbed into the Somali riverine areas from 1800 to 1890. During this period of expanded agricultural production in the Shabelle River valley, the more remote and forested Juba River valley remained largely uninhabited. In the 1840s, the first fugitive slaves from the Shabelle valley arrived and settled along the Juba River. By the early 1900s, an estimated 35,000 ex-slaves were living in communities in the Juba River valley, in many cases settling in villages according to their east African tribe."

The book called Jubaland and its inhabitants written by F.Elliott explicitly described the Somali Clans and their distribution between the Two rivers ,Juba and Tana which was then a British Colonized territories before they seceded Jubaland to The Italians.

According to F.Elliott ,The Only Somali clan who Settled Jubaland were Darood .Hawya and Dir mainly settled the Italian side .That's where the Biimal of Baraawe and Merca revolted the Italians with the help of Gosha slaves lead by a charismatic warrior called Nasiib Bundo.

Nasiib Buundo was born in 1835 to a Yao community in northern Mozambique. His original name was Makanjira Zamani. At the age of 20, he was captured by raiders loyal to the infamous Zanzibari slave trader Tippu Tip, and was subsequently shipped to southern Somalia where he worked in plantation fields in the Somali coastal town of Baraawe. After a failed attempt to escape, he was beaten and left to die. A Somali sheikh from Baraawe saved him, taught him the Qur’aan and released him after he gained his strength. He changed his name to Nasiib (“Fortunate”) and moved to the town of Hindi, somewhere near the Jubba River. He created his own settlement and subsequently founded his own town which he named Buundo, styling himself the Sultan of Gosha.

He provided a safe haven for former slaves and established law and order in his domain. A skilled diplomat, he initially managed to establish diplomatic ties with Egypt, Zanzibar and later on with the British and Italian colonial authorities. However, he grew restless with the colonial authorities for their oppressiveness and callous nature against the Somali people. Dubbed as the “African Spartacus” by the Italians, Nasiib played a crucial role in the pan-Somali and anti-colonial cause. He held regular communications with the Daraawiish leader, Mohammed Abdulle Hassan, in the north whilst waging attacks against the Italian colonialists in the south. The Italians captured him and some of his followers, moved him to an Italian prison in Mogadishu where he ultimately died in 1906. The pre-1991 Somali government named a street after him in the Boondheere district.

His tales are quite known in the land of Somalis. A northern Somali poet (Maxamed Bulxcan Cawar) mentioned him in his famous poem “dal-mar” in 1896:

… Baraawiyo fadhiya, wabiga baaciisa
Iyana Buundo dabadeed ma cunin bur iyo iidaane
Biddoodkii Kismaayoodna, ways wada bog dooxeene

…settled in Baraawe and the bank of the river
After they passed Buundo, they didn’t eat flour and sauce
And the slaves of Kismaayo stabbed each other’s sides
http://www.somalimind.com/2015/09/nasiib-buundo-a-forgotten-somali-bantu-anti-colonial-leader/

 

[Grant]

The book called Jubaland and its inhabitants written by F.Elliott explicitly described the Somali Clans and their distribution between the Two rivers ,Juba and Tana which was then a British Colonized territories before they seceded Jubaland to The Italians.

According to F.Elliott ,The Only Somali clan who Settled Jubaland were Darood .Hawya and Dir mainly settled the Italian side .That's where the Biimal of Baraawe and Merca revolted the Italians with the help of Gosha slaves lead by a charismatic warrior called Nasiib Bundo.

Nasiib Buundo was born in 1835 to a Yao community in northern Mozambique. His original name was Makanjira Zamani. At the age of 20, he was captured by raiders loyal to the infamous Zanzibari slave trader Tippu Tip, and was subsequently shipped to southern Somalia where he worked in plantation fields in the Somali coastal town of Baraawe. After a failed attempt to escape, he was beaten and left to die. A Somali sheikh from Baraawe saved him, taught him the Qur’aan and released him after he gained his strength. He changed his name to Nasiib (“Fortunate”) and moved to the town of Hindi, somewhere near the Jubba River. He created his own settlement and subsequently founded his own town which he named Buundo, styling himself the Sultan of Gosha.

He provided a safe haven for former slaves and established law and order in his domain. A skilled diplomat, he initially managed to establish diplomatic ties with Egypt, Zanzibar and later on with the British and Italian colonial authorities. However, he grew restless with the colonial authorities for their oppressiveness and callous nature against the Somali people. Dubbed as the “African Spartacus” by the Italians, Nasiib played a crucial role in the pan-Somali and anti-colonial cause. He held regular communications with the Daraawiish leader, Mohammed Abdulle Hassan, in the north whilst waging attacks against the Italian colonialists in the south. The Italians captured him and some of his followers, moved him to an Italian prison in Mogadishu where he ultimately died in 1906. The pre-1991 Somali government named a street after him in the Boondheere district.

His tales are quite known in the land of Somalis. A northern Somali poet (Maxamed Bulxcan Cawar) mentioned him in his famous poem “dal-mar” in 1896:

… Baraawiyo fadhiya, wabiga baaciisa
Iyana Buundo dabadeed ma cunin bur iyo iidaane
Biddoodkii Kismaayoodna, ways wada bog dooxeene

…settled in Baraawe and the bank of the river
After they passed Buundo, they didn’t eat flour and sauce
And the slaves of Kismaayo stabbed each other’s sides
http://www.somalimind.com/2015/09/nasiib-buundo-a-forgotten-somali-bantu-anti-colonial-leader/

Sultan,

The Cowlyahan controlled the hinterland of the Lower Jubba by about 1870. They were defeated and driven away from the Jubba by Nassib Bundo after about 1880. He also defeated the Biimaal The Harti only went to the Dashek Wama. The Mareexaan only cross the Jubba about 1893. Nassib Bundo was recognized as Sultan and had treaties with Baraawe, Zanzibar and the British. It was only the Italians that overpowered him.

See page 95 and following:

https://books.google.com/books?id=YBUxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=Nassib+Bundo+and+the+Ogaden+tribes&source=bl&ots=ikc9ODhCUK&sig=IiSnDF9Rs3MMVDtQXgQaOUJD4LM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWrPyN85_YAhUO2mMKHYZZBJUQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Nassib Bundo and the Ogaden tribes&f=false

 

[anonimo]

The book called Jubaland and its inhabitants written by F.Elliott explicitly described the Somali Clans and their distribution between the Two rivers ,Juba and Tana which was then a British Colonized territories before they seceded Jubaland to The Italians.

According to F.Elliott ,The Only Somali clan who Settled Jubaland were Darood .Hawya and Dir mainly settled the Italian side .That's where the Biimal of Baraawe and Merca revolted the Italians with the help of Gosha slaves lead by a charismatic warrior called Nasiib Bundo.

Nasiib Buundo was born in 1835 to a Yao community in northern Mozambique. His original name was Makanjira Zamani. At the age of 20, he was captured by raiders loyal to the infamous Zanzibari slave trader Tippu Tip, and was subsequently shipped to southern Somalia where he worked in plantation fields in the Somali coastal town of Baraawe. After a failed attempt to escape, he was beaten and left to die. A Somali sheikh from Baraawe saved him, taught him the Qur’aan and released him after he gained his strength. He changed his name to Nasiib (“Fortunate”) and moved to the town of Hindi, somewhere near the Jubba River. He created his own settlement and subsequently founded his own town which he named Buundo, styling himself the Sultan of Gosha.

He provided a safe haven for former slaves and established law and order in his domain. A skilled diplomat, he initially managed to establish diplomatic ties with Egypt, Zanzibar and later on with the British and Italian colonial authorities. However, he grew restless with the colonial authorities for their oppressiveness and callous nature against the Somali people. Dubbed as the “African Spartacus” by the Italians, Nasiib played a crucial role in the pan-Somali and anti-colonial cause. He held regular communications with the Daraawiish leader, Mohammed Abdulle Hassan, in the north whilst waging attacks against the Italian colonialists in the south. The Italians captured him and some of his followers, moved him to an Italian prison in Mogadishu where he ultimately died in 1906. The pre-1991 Somali government named a street after him in the Boondheere district.

His tales are quite known in the land of Somalis. A northern Somali poet (Maxamed Bulxcan Cawar) mentioned him in his famous poem “dal-mar” in 1896:

… Baraawiyo fadhiya, wabiga baaciisa
Iyana Buundo dabadeed ma cunin bur iyo iidaane
Biddoodkii Kismaayoodna, ways wada bog dooxeene

…settled in Baraawe and the bank of the river
After they passed Buundo, they didn’t eat flour and sauce
And the slaves of Kismaayo stabbed each other’s sides
http://www.somalimind.com/2015/09/nasiib-buundo-a-forgotten-somali-bantu-anti-colonial-leader/

Elliot is describing lands in Jubbaland West of the river. Furthermore, before the Daroods even settled West of the river, you had Garre and Ajuuran that were in an alliance with the Borana. With the arrival of the Darood, the Garre broke free from the Borana. The Degoodi followed in the footsteps of the Darood and expanded further into what was once Borana territory in Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya. Moreover, you had the Bardheere Jamaca religious settlement that was founded in the early 19th century before the Darood presence in Jubbaland was in full force. It was a mixed clan settlement dominated by Digil iyo Mirifle clans.

Nasib Bundo and his fugitive slave settlements in Jubbaland were established after escaping from the Biimaal and Digil plantations. After the start of the 20th century, the Biimaal were well established in the Jammaame area.

 

[Sultan]

Sultan,

The Cowlyahan controlled the hinterland of the Lower Jubba by about 1870. They were defeated and driven away from the Jubba by Nassib Bundo after about 1880. He also defeated the Biimaal The Harti only went to the Dashek Wama. The Mareexaan only cross the Jubba about 1893. Nassib Bundo was recognized as Sultan and had treaties with Baraawe, Zanzibar and the British. It was only the Italians that overpowered him.

See page 95 and following:

https://books.google.com/books?id=YBUxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=Nassib+Bundo+and+the+Ogaden+tribes&source=bl&ots=ikc9ODhCUK&sig=IiSnDF9Rs3MMVDtQXgQaOUJD4LM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWrPyN85_YAhUO2mMKHYZZBJUQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Nassib Bundo and the Ogaden tribes&f=false

An account of Ogaden Domination in Jubaland and Nfd

"As a result of this manifest weakening of the Wardei they were attacked on
all fronts and it is no surprise that they could not defend themselves but had to flee for their lives. According Turnbull, 'the main contlict was in the east; and the actions fought at Afmadu, on the Deshek Wama, and at EI Lein are still- spoken of by the tribe

Ogaden were at this point led by the grand old man of the Abd Wak, Abdi Ibrahim , the Sultan, while there were a number of ' invasion commanders under him: Abdi Ibrahim was noted for his bravery and skill in war strategy which eventually led to the Ogaden dominance in the Jubaland. His remarkable leadership qualities are still remembered to this day by the Ogaden. Notable among his commanders were Magan Yussuf, the Sultan of the Mohamed Zubeer Ogaden, and Hassan Bejan of the Abdalla/Ogaden

Having displaced the Wardei from the Juba region the Ogaden were not
content to settle
down but continued their southward expansion since the loot from the Wardei was an appetizing reason to continue their raids.

The Ogaden migration towards the Tana in the 1 860s and 1870s, was one of struggle to wrestle control of the land from the Wardei .The Ogaden were firmly estahlished along the banks of the Tana River by the 1870' s, having virtually conquered and suhordinated the Galla to
Somali domination. According to Turnbull the attack lof 1865 by the Somali when the Wardei were weakened by plague was so unexpected and so violent that the Wardei were utterly broken by it.
Scattered through the fighting was, hundreds were killed; those who survived either fled to neighhouring tribes or became serfs to the Mohamed Zuheir, the Telemuggeh, or the Magabul. Many were sold as slaves in the markets of Lamu, and Zanzibar.

Had it not been for the arrival of Imperial British East African Company rule in 1885, the Wardei would have ceased to exist as a community with a separate cultural and political identity."


How Cawlyahan and Marehan pushed Garre and Degodiya into Nfd"

"Over .the years, the Adjurans were subjected to constant raids by hoth the Degodia and the Ogadene especially the wars waged by the Rer Afgab Auliyahan and the Marehan, forced the Degodia to migrate to the Garreh country in
the vicinity of Mandera of what was to become the Kenya Colony"

http://www.worldcat.org/title/darod...ern-frontier-district-of-kenya/oclc/419832916

 

[Grant]

Elliot is describing lands in Jubbaland West of the river. Furthermore, before the Daroods even settled West of the river, you had Garre and Ajuuran that were in an alliance with the Borana. With the arrival of the Darood, the Garre broke free from the Borana. The Degoodi followed in the footsteps of the Darood and expanded further into what was once Borana territory in Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya. Moreover, you had the Bardheere Jamaca religious settlement that was founded in the early 19th century before the Darood presence in Jubbaland was in full force. It was a mixed clan settlement dominated by Digil iyo Mirifle clans.

Nasib Bundo and his fugitive slave settlements in Jubbaland were established after escaping from the Biimaal and Digil plantations. After the start of the 20th century, the Biimaal were well established in the Jammaame area.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Somalia

"In the 1840s, the first fugitive slaves from the Shebelle valley began to settle in the Jubba valley. By the early 1900s, an estimated 35,000 former Bantu slaves had settled there."

While slaves were landed both at Baraawe and at Hamar, it is my understanding that most were bought by the "Diverse" Hawiyye clans, the Abgaal, Matan and Wacdan and that the escapees came mostly from the Shabelli valley. Nassib Bundo defeated the Biimaal. Can you document slave plantations among the Digil ?

 

[Sultan]

Elliot is describing lands in Jubbaland West of the river. Furthermore, before the Daroods even settled West of the river, you had Garre and Ajuuran that were in an alliance with the Borana. With the arrival of the Darood, the Garre broke free from the Borana. The Degoodi followed in the footsteps of the Darood and expanded further into what was once Borana territory in Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya. Moreover, you had the Bardheere Jamaca religious settlement that was founded in the early 19th century before the Darood presence in Jubbaland was in full force. It was a mixed clan settlement dominated by Digil iyo Mirifle clans.

Nasib Bundo and his fugitive slave settlements in Jubbaland were established after escaping from the Biimaal and Digil plantations. After the start of the 20th century, the Biimaal were well established in the Jammaame area.

Bro, Garre ,Ajuran and Degodiya faced a constant raid from Marehan and Cawlyahan.As a result of the Darood influx from the North, they were forced to move to Nfd .They had no significant presence by the time F.Elliot described the different clans in Jubaland from Doollo to Joreey

It wrong to say the Digil and Mirifle dominated the Jamaca of Bardhere which in fact comprised of all Somali clans .The New wave of Marehan and Cawlyahan pastoralists formed formed a large part of the Jama' .Interestingly ,It was 40,000 strong army from Digil and Mirifle lead by the Geledi who burnt the centre of the jama' .It was the Raxaweyn who demolished the Jamaaca

 

[Sultan]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Somalia

"In the 1840s, the first fugitive slaves from the Shebelle valley began to settle in the Jubba valley. By the early 1900s, an estimated 35,000 former Bantu slaves had settled there."

While slaves were landed both at Baraawe and at Hamar, it is my understanding that most were bought by the "Diverse" Hawiyye clans, the Abgaal, Matan and Wacdan and that the escapees came mostly from the Shabelli valley. Nassib Bundo defeated the Biimaal. Can you document slave plantations among the Digil ?

I am not denying the Presence of Biimaal and Gosha community in Jubaland.Check the map below .The Gosha and Biimaal share Jaamame and the surrounding riverine areas .They do intermarry a lot

 

[Sultan]

Sultan,

The Cowlyahan controlled the hinterland of the Lower Jubba by about 1870. They were defeated and

It was the powerful Mahamed Subeer who controlled the hinterland of Lower Jubba.Check the map below which was created by the British in 1930s

 

[Grant]

I am not denying the Presence of Biimaal and Gosha community in Jubaland.Check the map below .The Gosha and Biimaal share Jaamame and the surrounding riverine areas .They do intermarry a lot

It would be interesting to compare relative numbers. Do you think there could eventually be an actual census? In my day Jamaame was mostly Mushunguli and the Gosha was thought to begin at Jilib. and go to Sakow.

 

[Grant]

It was the powerful Mahamed Subeer who controlled the hinterland of Lower Jubba.Check the map below which was created by the British in 1930s

1930's is hardly 1880's. The Mareexaan only cross the Jubba in 1893.

 

[Sultan]

1930's is hardly 1880's. The Mareexaan only cross the Jubba in 1893.

Gedo was originally inhabited by Garre,Ajuuran ,Borana and Degodiya before the Marehan pushed them to NFD.currently, Garre shares Elwaak town with Marehan .

This is the link of the map http://burcoonline.com/articles/254...y-uu-Kala-Garato-Degaanada-Beelaha-Somaliland

How can a riverine Bantus control the Hinterland? In fact ,despite their numerous numbers ,The Gosha live under the Biimaal in Jaamaame district.

Saakow is shared by Cawlyahan and Raxaweyn and the Gosha are heavily concentrated between Jilib and Jaamaame and in both towns they have no political power.

 

[Sultan]

It would be interesting to compare relative numbers. Do you think there could eventually be an actual census? In my day Jamaame was mostly Mushunguli and the Gosha was thought to begin at Jilib. and go to Sakow.

The Bantus are scattered all over .They are riverine tribes who don't have any big significant town .They form a big community in Jamaame but still the Biimaal clan dominate that district.Despite their huge numbers,The Gosha are like the Madhiban clans who are scattered all over Somali territories yet who don't have any political power anywhere.

 

[anonimo]

I am not denying the Presence of Biimaal and Gosha community in Jubaland.Check the map below .The Gosha and Biimaal share Jaamame and the surrounding riverine areas .They do intermarry a lot

The Biimaal and the Gosha do not intermarry. People confuse the Bantus that identify as Biimaal with the mainly pastoralist Biimaal that mainly inhabit the coastal areas from Jammaame district to Marka district. Similar to the former plantation slaves of the US, the Bantus adopted the clan identity of their owners. The Non-Gosha Bantu have forgotten their origins and claim the clan identity of their former masters in Lower Shabelle and parts of Lower Jubba.

The refusal of ethnic Somalis to work on
plantations led to the development of coercive measures of involuntary conscription of
villagers, largely Bantu people, to labour on the farms in order to overcome shortages of
labour. Some of the ethnic Somali clans, such as the Bimal, cooperated with the Italians
enabling them to conscript Madow (Bantu), descendants of former slaves who lived as adopted
members among the Bimal, for their plantations.15

Fighting for the Plenty: The Banana Trade in Southern Somalia https://www.researchgate.net/public...e_Plenty_The_Banana_Trade_in_Southern_Somalia.

The Degoodi came South after the Darood.

The Garre had turned against the Boran and allied with the Darood. They were in Jubbaland before the Darood, so were the Ajuuran. In Gedo, the Gasargude were the first to establish a Sultanate centred in Lugh. They were the Royal subclan of the Raxanweyn, and were an off-shoot of the Geledi dynasty that dominated Southern Somalia.

The Bardheere Jamaca was founded by a Digil/Mirifle rival of the Geledi dynasty. It was predominately non-Darood and regularly called for jihad against the Gaalo Madoow.

 

[anonimo]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Somalia

"In the 1840s, the first fugitive slaves from the Shebelle valley began to settle in the Jubba valley. By the early 1900s, an estimated 35,000 former Bantu slaves had settled there."

While slaves were landed both at Baraawe and at Hamar, it is my understanding that most were bought by the "Diverse" Hawiyye clans, the Abgaal, Matan and Wacdan and that the escapees came mostly from the Shabelli valley. Nassib Bundo defeated the Biimaal. Can you document slave plantations among the Digil ?

Not really. Most of the non native Bantu slaves are found in Lower Shabelle and were owned by the Digil, Biimaal and to a lesser extent, the Wacdaan who were allied to the dominant Geledi Digil subclan in Afgoye. The Reer Matan Abgaal also owned Bantu slaves in Banadir and so did the Moblin in Middle Shabelle.

 

[Grant]

Gedo was originally inhabited by Garre,Ajuuran ,Borana and Degodiya before the Marehan pushed them to NFD.currently, Garre shares Elwaak town with Marehan .

This is the link of the map http://burcoonline.com/articles/254...y-uu-Kala-Garato-Degaanada-Beelaha-Somaliland

How can a riverine Bantus control the Hinterland? In fact ,despite their numerous numbers ,The Gosha live under the Biimaal in Jaamaame district.

Saakow is shared by Cawlyahan and Raxaweyn and the Gosha are heavily concentrated between Jilib and Jaamaame and in both towns they have no political power.

Have the Mushunguli moved?

I am not talking about the hinterland, which is not useful for farming peoples. This is a 1977 clan map representing the period before the Abaar Dabadheer. You will notice the Biyomaal in the coastal strip above Kismayo. When I was in Jilib the Mayor was Gosha, Mohammed Shek Suleyman. At more than a million strong, do you really think the Madow they can be ignored ?