14th century source on the Somali Language

[Maakhri2024]

The Somali word for flood, which is "daad", is pronounced with a plain "d", not the emphatic "ḍ" (ض) of Arabic.

He pops up randomly and freestyles linguistics and etymology in every thread.

So he spits out pseudo-linguistics and folk etymology on purpose. There’s no point in approaching him with sincerity.

He connects Somali "dad" with Arabic "qawm" --> Aramaic --> Hebrew -->Latin “homo” --> English “human”

Due to significant time constraints, I am unable to engage in the forum on a daily basis.

May we proceed with calmness, engage in constructive conversation, and maintain a rational and respectful demeanor.

Could you please elaborate on the specific linguistic qualifications and evaluative criteria that inform your assessment of my research as falling within the domains of pseudo-linguistics and folk etymology?

He connects Somali "dad" with Arabic "qawm" --> Aramaic --> Hebrew -->Latin “homo” --> English “human” .

Why do you refuse and oppose the existence of a relationship between them?
On what grounds did you base your decision?

 

[Maakhri2024]

Obviously people don’t go around pronouncing everyday words with Tajweed. Nonetheless, the fact you now admit it is not an exact match, which is not what you said the fist time btw, basically shows that you agree with my premise; that is, there is no daad sound in Somali, no matter how much you stretch things.

The framing of your reply has, perhaps unintentionally, depicted me as though I were caught red-handed .
relax saaxiib there are no bad intentions.

 

[Riftvalley]

The framing of your reply has, perhaps unintentionally, depicted me as though I were caught red-handed .
relax saaxiib there are no bad intentions.

Cafwan ya ustadh. Allah bless you.

 

[reer]

I don’t formally study linguistics, i have personal interest in how language works and i am always learning and trying to share what i find in a clear way.



Ah yes, my apologies. Clearly, I should abandon linguistic methodology and start drawing colorful arrows between ‘dad’, ‘ḍaad’, ‘dab’, and ‘human’ maybe even throw in some ancient Hebrew and a Latin proverb for extra spice. That way, I too can unlock the mystical secrets of language that only reveal themselves through freestyle etymology and Google Translate gymnastics.

But thank you for the reminder , next time I want to impress, I’ll just highlight random syllables in bold and call it research. Meanwhile, enjoy your world where ‘dab’ is the missing link between Somali and the Dead Sea Scrolls.

he sounds like if an american hotep decided to become a linguist.

 

[Top J]

The letter "Ḍ ض" appears in Somali. However, its use is relatively rare.

There is no special letter representing "ḍ ض" in the Somali alphabet, instead the letter "d" is used.

the Somali word Daad ( pronounced : Ḍaad ( ضاد ) means: flood .
Nin daad qaaday xumbo cuskay .
the Somali word Dad ( pronounced : Ḍad ( ضَد ) means: people .
the Somali word Dab ( pronounced : Ḍab ( ضَبْ ) means: fire .

q ⟷ L /ḍ/d/t/ṣ/s/sh/c " ع"/ m/n/b/th .
arq → arla/arda/arat/arḍa/erṣ/arca/earth/erde .



q → ḍ ( ض ) / h / g / d / t ,
m / L ⟷ d / t / s / sh ,

qaad → daad ( ḍaad ) → in Arabic sayl ( سَيْل ) .
qawm ( قوم ) ⟷ qolo ( قلو ) → dad ( ḍad ضَد ) .
qawm ( قوم ) ⟷ qolo ( قلو ) → עַם ( cam عم ) / עמא ( cama عما) .

in Hebrew עַם ( cam عم ) means : people .
in Somali dad ( dad ضَد ) means : people .
in Arabic qawm ( قوم ) means : people .
in Aramaic עמא ( cama عما) means : people .
in Aramaic עמא ( cama عما) means : people .
Old English guma (“man”)
in English human .
in Latin homō (“human being”) .

Isn't Dad pronounces with a daal

 

[Maakhri2024]

he sounds like if an american hotep decided to become a linguist.

Those who oppose the consensus are often subjected to character assassination via the " hotep" label .

Is your willpower steadfast enough to engage with me ?

Meet this challenge with resolute fortitude and bravery .

Rest assured, this will produce the intended result .

↓↓↓↓
سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ
[Their] assembly will be defeated, and they will turn their backs [in retreat].

dhabar = dabar دبر = ẓahr ظهر .

dabo دبو + da = dabada = dabar ( d → r ) → dabar دُبْر ( dubr, “back”) .

From Proto-Afroasiatic *dâb-. Compare دُبْر (dubr, “back”), perhaps cognate with Hebrew דִּבֵּר (“to speak”).

Verb
دَبَرَ (dabara) I (non-past يَدْبُرُ (yadburu), verbal noun دُبُور (dubūr))

- to be hindmost, to come behind, to follow .

ظَهْر ( ẓahr )
1- back, rear, reverse .
2- deck, surface, top .
3- (anatomy) back .

get out of here man if you're not ready to engage intellectually .

cagaha wax kadey .

 

[Maakhri2024]

Isn't Dad pronounces with a daal

no ,
there is different pronunciation between
dad ضَد ( people ) and dad دَدْ ( to cover ) .

dad ضَد ( people ) , first "d" articulated with excessive severity , something close to the Quranic Ḍaad .
dad دَدْ ( to cover ) first "d" would pronounced as " d " .

 

[Maakhri2024]

examples of arabic ض being pronounced as L or D in somali.

ضروري = daruuri https://qaamuus.net/jawaabta/?raadi=daruuri
ضربة = darbo https://qaamuus.net/jawaabta/?raadi=darbo
ضِد = lid https://qaamuus.net/jawaabta/?raadi=lid "Mugdiga ayaa caddada lid ku ah" “Cali ayaa lid ku ah Cabdi”
أرض = arli https://qaamuus.net/jawaabta/?raadi=arli

he sounds like if an american hotep decided to become a linguist.

يعني انت جبت التايهة

shut up and know your place .

This was my post from June 7, 2024 :

↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓
↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓​

The Arabic letter ḍād ( ض ) is often transformed into the letter lām ( ل ) in the Somali language.

For example :

The Arabic word رَاضِي ( rāḍī ) is equivalent in the Somali language to the word ( raalli ) رَالِي .

The Arabic word رَاضِي ( rāḍī ) means : pleased, satisfied.

The Somali word ( raalli ) رَالِي means : satisfaction, being
pleased with .

m + waḍac ( w-ḍ-c ) → mawḍic → mawlac

مَ + وَضَعَ ← مَوْضِع ← مَوْلَعْ

The Arabic mawḍic ( مَوْضِع ) means: position, place, therefore the Somali mawlac ( مَوْلَعْ ) indicates the place of worship .​

 

[Maakhri2024]

He pops up randomly and freestyles linguistics and etymology in every thread.
So he spits out pseudo-linguistics and folk etymology on purpose. There’s no point in approaching him with sincerity.
He connects Somali "dad" with Arabic "qawm" --> Aramaic --> Hebrew -->Latin “homo” --> English “human”

I'm still waiting for your answer, don't run away.

Could you please elaborate on the specific linguistic qualifications and evaluative criteria that inform your assessment of my research as falling within the domains of pseudo-linguistics and folk etymology?

He connects Somali "dad" with Arabic "qawm" --> Aramaic --> Hebrew -->Latin “homo” --> English “human” .

Why do you refuse and oppose the existence of a relationship between them?

On what grounds did you base your decision?

Miss copy and paste ,
I remind you not to forget to send me a smiley face symbol .

 

[Idilinaa]

I'm still waiting for your answer, don't run away.

Could you please elaborate on the specific linguistic qualifications and evaluative criteria that inform your assessment of my research as falling within the domains of pseudo-linguistics and folk etymology?



Why do you refuse and oppose the existence of a relationship between them?

On what grounds did you base your decision?

Miss copy and paste ,
I remind you not to forget to send me a smiley face symbol .

I have nothing more to add, i am just soaking up the knowledge you displayed.

So spam away and put hours into it.

We are all here to learn from experts like you. But add more colors and syllables in bold

 

[Maakhri2024]

I have nothing more to add, i am just soaking up the knowledge you displayed.

So spam away and put hours into it.

We are all here to learn from experts like you. But add more colors and syllables in bold

Of course, you are incapable of intelligently challenging my arguments.
As I told you, you are just a copy-and-paste .

Keep copying and pasting about Zeila, Axmed Gurey, Adal and others .

 

[Idilinaa]

Of course, you are incapable of intelligently challenging my arguments.
As I told you, you are just a copy-and-paste .

Keep copying and pasting about Zeila, Axmed Gurey, Adal and others .

You got me totally outclassed by your groundbreaking theory that “daad” means human. Pure linguistic genius. I’ll be thinking about that one for years.


And yes, I’ll absolutely keep posting from Zeila to Axmed Gurey to every other topic you roll your eyes at. I cover Somali history in full, not just whatever fits a meme or mood.

Appreciate your permission though, professor

 

[Barkhadle1520]

how are people still questioning whether zayla'is are Somali even still.

No one is questioning that

 

[Barkhadle1520]

Not to sound like a cringe nationalist but theres a clear agenda against somalis in academia. Up until recently stone ruins found in a place as remote as sanaag would be credited to semitic speaking harla groups kkkkk

Because were nomads

Historians when they take a first look at the HOA and its recent history see some lamagodle pastoralist nomads who were stealing each others cattle to survive and the Habesha who built an empire

If I was a historian I would NEVER consider the Somalis built this

 

[Barkhadle1520]

As far as I’m aware, there are no real traditions linking the Harla to ruins in Sanaag or the broader northern Somali regions. Those ruins are usually attributed locally to saints, sheikhs, or legendary figures like Tiri, not Harla. It’s in the Ogaden region where we more commonly see claims tying ruins to the Harla

I’ve gone over this in another thread a lot of it is invented historical mythology.


We actually have historical sources mentioning the Harla, and they clearly show that the Harla did not inhabit Harar or the areas commonly associated with those ruins. They were a regular agro-pastoral Somali Darood clan, living between the upper Shabelle and Hawash rivers which is also where small remnant communities still exist today.

They didn’t go extinct. They were just turned into a mythological catch-all by later writers and colonial scholars.

And there’s no need to speculate , the Futuh al-Habasha directly lays out who were involved in building and administering towns in newly conquered territories, and Harla are never mentioned in that context. That alone says a lot.

"The idea of a separate 'Harla civilization' is an Oromo-invented mythology, later appropriated into local traditions. The Oromo expansions into the Harla Kombe region situated between the Awash and Upper Shabelle rivers resulted in them applying the 'Harla' label to various pre-existing sites, regardless of whether they had any historical or cultural ties to them. Over time, this myth blended with Taalo Tiriyaad traditions, which attribute ruins to pre-Islamic giants, further distorting historical reality."

Any source or just a theory ?

 

[Barkhadle1520]

Funny thing is, the city of Abasa is actually mentioned by a late medieval Portuguese writer, who described it as an administrative center or base capital for the Sultanate. So the idea that some pagan Oromo queen named Kola ruled it is pure fiction obviously made up by Richard Burton, who often spewed a-historical nonsense, like claiming Somalis were the offspring of Arabs who mixed with Oromo.

I think it’s more complex than just being “lazy” or not caring about Somali history , as I explained here:


Full post i made:

Zayli grave in mecca from the 9th century

Becuase when you hear the word empire I imagined they controlled a large portion of Ethiopia then invaded yemen. Bu if you look at thr map it becomes clear how close the section of yemem they invaded and controlled is. The thing that misled and confused me was Mani supposedly touting Aksum as...

www.somalispot.com

The portuguese didnt know anything about the place, he just heard a about abasa and assumed it was the capital city which it was not, abasa isnt mentioned in any texts it had no real importance

 

[Idilinaa]

"The idea of a separate 'Harla civilization' is an Oromo-invented mythology, later appropriated into local traditions. The Oromo expansions into the Harla Kombe region situated between the Awash and Upper Shabelle rivers resulted in them applying the 'Harla' label to various pre-existing sites, regardless of whether they had any historical or cultural ties to them. Over time, this myth blended with Taalo Tiriyaad traditions, which attribute ruins to pre-Islamic giants, further distorting historical reality."

Any source or just a theory ?

Saciid Shidaad actually discusses this in his work , though most of it is in Somali. He published a condensed version as part of a three-part series on WardheerNews, which you can find here:

https://wardheernews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Taariikhda-Xiriirka-Soomaali-iyo-Oromo-WQ-Siciid-Shidaad.pdf

In the full (now removed) version on his old blog, Shidaad went into more depth explaining how many Oromo attributions including the so called ''Harla'' ruins , were applied post-expansion to pre-existing Somali and Islamic historical sites. He showed how these claims often blended with pre-Islamic folklore, like the Taalo Tiryaad traditions, which attributed mysterious ruins to giants.

In the piece I linked, he also shows how Oromo migration patterns involved renaming and retroactively linking somali clan names to areas areas they invaded previously inhabited by Somali clans.

Interestingly, Shidaad notes that when early European explorers asked Somali communities about the “Galla” (the habesha/european term for Oromo), many Somalis didn’t even know who or what the explorers were referring to.

So yes , this isn’t just a theory. It’s grounded in historical analysis by respected Somali scholars like Shidaad. It's just that most of it hasn't been widely translated or cited in Western academia yet.

The portuguese didnt know anything about the place, he just heard a about abasa and assumed it was the capital city which it was not, abasa isnt mentioned in any texts it had no real importance

They didn’t know much about most places even Hafun they only commented on in passing because they were never granted free access or cooperation by the local populations. But they did mention Abasa in relation to Adal and Zayla.

"I might perhaps be to called from Abaxa, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Adel."

On top of that, there’s the archaeological record. Findings show Abasa was a Muslim settlement, based on materials and artifacts dated to that period. It certainly wasn’t occupied by pagan Oromo's

Archaeologically, it held significance, it functioned as an administrative center.

 

[Idilinaa]

Because were nomads

Historians when they take a first look at the HOA and its recent history see some lamagodle pastoralist nomads who were stealing each others cattle to survive and the Habesha who built an empire

If I was a historian I would NEVER consider the Somalis built this

Somalis were not simply nomads ,they were agro-pastoralists deeply engaged in reciprocal trade networks. Urban centers like Zayla didn’t appear in isolation; they were the natural extensions of camel caravan trade, livestock economies, and trans-regional commerce.

Meanwhile, the so-called “Habesha empire” is often romanticized beyond reality. Their rulers, for centuries, moved from village to village in nomadic tents, stealing from impoverished peasant farmers, with no real bureaucratic structure or stable economy. Most of their population including their kings were illiterate. Their society was based more on feudal domination than organized statecraft. Their armies weren't even given provisions or salaries so they pillaged the cattle's and food from nearby population to survive.

They lacked major trading ports, export infrastructure, or international presence. Their minimal contact with the outside world left them culturally and economically isolated.

The glorification of the “Habesha empire” stems from three biases:

- Christianity’s favor in Western historiography

-European colonial alliances and framing, and

- A long-standing bias against pastoralism as a form of civilization.

Even during Haile Selassie’s reign, observers questioned Ethiopia’s supposed status as an empire. As one foreign analyst put it:

''How can a country where illteracy is almost universal, where there are virtually no roads, and whose annual foreing trade is worth less than 25, 000, 000 million.

The problem isn’t Somali history , it’s how people are taught to read it.

 

[Barkhadle1520]

Saciid Shidaad actually discusses this in his work , though most of it is in Somali. He published a condensed version as part of a three-part series on WardheerNews, which you can find here:

https://wardheernews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Taariikhda-Xiriirka-Soomaali-iyo-Oromo-WQ-Siciid-Shidaad.pdf

In the full (now removed) version on his old blog, Shidaad went into more depth explaining how many Oromo attributions including the so called ''Harla'' ruins , were applied post-expansion to pre-existing Somali and Islamic historical sites. He showed how these claims often blended with pre-Islamic folklore, like the Taalo Tiryaad traditions, which attributed mysterious ruins to giants.

In the piece I linked, he also shows how Oromo migration patterns involved renaming and retroactively linking somali clan names to areas areas they invaded previously inhabited by Somali clans.

Interestingly, Shidaad notes that when early European explorers asked Somali communities about the “Galla” (the habesha/european term for Oromo), many Somalis didn’t even know who or what the explorers were referring to.

So yes , this isn’t just a theory. It’s grounded in historical analysis by respected Somali scholars like Shidaad. It's just that most of it hasn't been widely translated or cited in Western academia yet.



They didn’t know much about most places even Hafun they only commented on in passing because they were never granted free access or cooperation by the local populations. But they did mention Abasa in relation to Adal and Zayla.

"I might perhaps be to called from Abaxa, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Adel."

View attachment 366090

On top of that, there’s the archaeological record. Findings show Abasa was a Muslim settlement, based on materials and artifacts dated to that period. It certainly wasn’t occupied by pagan Oromo's
View attachment 366098

Archaeologically, it held significance, it functioned as an administrative center.
View attachment 366096
View attachment 366097

"In the full (now removed) version on his old blog, Shidaad went into more depth explaining how many Oromo attributions including the so called ''Harla'' ruins , were applied post-expansion to pre-existing Somali and Islamic historical sites. He showed how these claims often blended with pre-Islamic folklore, like the Taalo Tiryaad traditions, which attributed mysterious ruins to giants."

Send it someone I know has been looking for this for ages

 

[Barkhadle1520]

Somalis were not simply nomads ,they were agro-pastoralists deeply engaged in reciprocal trade networks. Urban centers like Zayla didn’t appear in isolation; they were the natural extensions of camel caravan trade, livestock economies, and trans-regional commerce.

Meanwhile, the so-called “Habesha empire” is often romanticized beyond reality. Their rulers, for centuries, moved from village to village in nomadic tents, stealing from impoverished peasant farmers, with no real bureaucratic structure or stable economy. Most of their population including their kings were illiterate. Their society was based more on feudal domination than organized statecraft. Their armies weren't even given provisions or salaries so they pillaged the cattle's and food from nearby population to survive.

They lacked major trading ports, export infrastructure, or international presence. Their minimal contact with the outside world left them culturally and economically isolated.

The glorification of the “Habesha empire” stems from three biases:

- Christianity’s favor in Western historiography

-European colonial alliances and framing, and

- A long-standing bias against pastoralism as a form of civilization.

Even during Haile Selassie’s reign, observers questioned Ethiopia’s supposed status as an empire. As one foreign analyst put it:

''How can a country where illteracy is almost universal, where there are virtually no roads, and whose annual foreing trade is worth less than 25, 000, 000 million.
View attachment 366099


The problem isn’t Somali history , it’s how people are taught to read it.

What historians see is the settled Harari Ethio semites and the nomadic somalis around it, I dont know why youre waffling about habesha tents

Also Somalis were largely nomadic stop this agro pastoralist bs, that was when they were sedentary, some nomads in the 19th century settling like at hargeisa to do substistence farming doesnt mean majority were agro pastoralists thats just an outright lie, falsifying history wont take us anywhere