This is an update to my earlier thread regarding interactions between Somalis and the two Caliphates that followed the Prophet SAW and the first 4 Caliphs
The Kitāb Futūḥ Al-Buldān was written by Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-Balādhūrī (d. c. 892 CE). The work offers an account of the early conquests of the Islamic polity. It has the form of a geographical survey of the Caliphate’s territories, describing how each location came under Muslim rule. It was translated into English by Philip Khûri Ḥitti (volume I: 1916) and Francis Clark Murgotten (volume II: 1924). - this is the Brill description
So we have a very early and precise historical account of where the Caliphate reached and its conquests. If you were to read the chapter list below from Brill you'll see that Somali territory or the coast of Zanj is not included, I couldn't get my hands on their translation since it's behind a paywall but you can still get the 1914 one here.
The Kitab Al Zunuj and the other text Kawkab Al Duriyya state a period of Ummayad and Abbasid rule over the Banadir specifically Mogadishu. Remember these two are 19th and 20th century compilations vs the Kitāb Futūḥ Al-Buldān which is 9th century.
I think due to the omission from the Kitāb Futūḥ Al-Buldān that this Ummayad/Abbasid rule over Mogadishu is a false oral tradition attempting to tie itself to the early emergence of Islam.
The Kitāb Futūḥ Al-Buldān was written by Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-Balādhūrī (d. c. 892 CE). The work offers an account of the early conquests of the Islamic polity. It has the form of a geographical survey of the Caliphate’s territories, describing how each location came under Muslim rule. It was translated into English by Philip Khûri Ḥitti (volume I: 1916) and Francis Clark Murgotten (volume II: 1924). - this is the Brill description
So we have a very early and precise historical account of where the Caliphate reached and its conquests. If you were to read the chapter list below from Brill you'll see that Somali territory or the coast of Zanj is not included, I couldn't get my hands on their translation since it's behind a paywall but you can still get the 1914 one here.
The Origins Of The Islamic State Vol -1 : Kitab Futuh Al-buldan : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.175260dc.contributor.author: Kitab Futuh Al-buldandc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-07T04:19:58Zdc.date.available:...
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The Kitab Al Zunuj and the other text Kawkab Al Duriyya state a period of Ummayad and Abbasid rule over the Banadir specifically Mogadishu. Remember these two are 19th and 20th century compilations vs the Kitāb Futūḥ Al-Buldān which is 9th century.
- Ummayad arrival on the coast with an army and kharāj given to them by Mogadishu and Kilwa without bloodshed
- Nomination of an Ummayad Emir that ruled the coast until the ouster of the dynasty by the Abbasids
- An Abbasid delegation to the Sultans of the coast cities in 766-767 (Mogadishu, Kilwa etc) and gained new kharāj for the Abbasid Caliph
- In 804-805 there was a refusal to pay kharaj to the Caliph Harun Ar Rashid and Persian muslims would govern after being installed in every city
- Caliph Harun Ar-Rashid's son Caliph Al Mamun had to also pacify the area and collect kharāj
Keep in mind I am listing big things from all 3 manuscripts and some claims may conflict*
I think due to the omission from the Kitāb Futūḥ Al-Buldān that this Ummayad/Abbasid rule over Mogadishu is a false oral tradition attempting to tie itself to the early emergence of Islam.
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