Who are the most Cushitic ancestrally?

[Pioneer]

So far as Dna shows Somalis are the most Cushitic ethnicity in Africa, so who is 2,3,4,5,6,7 can you guys try to make a list?

What i know so far is that:

A-Oromo: Their percentage is hard to calculate, because of Borana/kenya and maybe Ethiopia scoring very high next Spmalis,
and the Oromos in Ethiopia scoring less 35% at most.

B-Beja: I know them, because i studied them, they are not only Cushitic, they have complete Clans that look like they are Arabs.


C-Anfar- I don't know how much Cushitic they are, there is not a lot of information online.

 

[Apollo]

Ancestrally, the most Cushitic samples so far we have are some of those Ancient South Cushites (extinct population) sampled some time ago:

Ancient DNA Reveals a Multi-Step Spread of the First Herders into Sub-Saharan Africa

How food production first entered eastern Africa ~5000 years ago and the extent to which people moved with livestock is unclear. We present genome-wide data from 41 individuals associated with Later Stone Age, Pastoral Neolithic (PN), and Iron Age contexts ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

For modern-day groups, it's Somalis and then Afars, then it quickly drops off because of either Omotic, Nilotic, or Semitic admixture (often combined) in many of those other groups. This study on Ethiopia pretty much covered most of the relevant ones:

The genetic landscape of Ethiopia: diversity, intermixing and the association with culture

The rich linguistic, ethnic and cultural diversity of Ethiopia provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the level to which cultural factors correlate with -- and shape -- genetic structure in human populations. Using primarily novel genetic variation data covering 1,268 Ethiopians...

www.biorxiv.org

 

[Pioneer]

How long a go did South Cushites arrive, before East Cushites?

 

[BetterDaysAhead]

Ancestrally, the most Cushitic samples so far we have are some of those Ancient South Cushites (extinct population) sampled some time ago:

Ancient DNA Reveals a Multi-Step Spread of the First Herders into Sub-Saharan Africa

How food production first entered eastern Africa ~5000 years ago and the extent to which people moved with livestock is unclear. We present genome-wide data from 41 individuals associated with Later Stone Age, Pastoral Neolithic (PN), and Iron Age contexts ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

For modern-day groups, it's Somalis and then Afars, then it quickly drops off because of either Omotic, Nilotic, or Semitic admixture (often combined) in many of those other groups. This study on Ethiopia pretty much covered most of the relevant ones:

The genetic landscape of Ethiopia: diversity, intermixing and the association with culture

The rich linguistic, ethnic and cultural diversity of Ethiopia provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the level to which cultural factors correlate with -- and shape -- genetic structure in human populations. Using primarily novel genetic variation data covering 1,268 Ethiopians...

www.biorxiv.org

whats the cushitic % of the average somali

 

[Apollo]

@BetterDaysAhead & @Warsame The Strategist

high 80s maximum, low 70s at the minumum. It depends. Somewhere in that range.

Somalis are not the same as the proto-Cushites because of the additional Nilotic (acquired in North Sudan/West Eritrea) and Horn of Africa hunter-gatherer (in Somalia mostly) that was acquired after the proto-Cushite days.

 

[Nomadite]

@BetterDaysAhead & @Warsame The Strategist

high 80s maximum, low 70s at the minumum. It depends. Somewhere in that range.

Somalis are not the same as the proto-Cushites because of the additional Nilotic (acquired in North Sudan/West Eritrea) and Horn of Africa hunter-gatherer (in Somalia mostly) that was acquired after the proto-Cushite days.

How MENA were the proto cushites exactly?

 

[Apollo]

How MENA were the proto cushites exactly?

A lot more than you'd expect. They were more shifted in that direction than any Cushitic group today, except for the Ababda possibly.

 

[Marquis]

@Apollo Off topic but what do you know about the Toubou/Tebu people, Black Nomads of Chad/Libya? Is there anything interesting genetically about them?

 

[Nomadite]

@Apollo Off topic but what do you know about the Toubou/Tebu people, Black Nomads of Chad/Libya? Is there anything interesting genetically about them?

likely cluster with the more mixed taureg of niger and mali

 

[Apollo]

@Apollo Off topic but what do you know about the Toubou/Tebu people, Black Nomads of Chad/Libya? Is there anything interesting genetically about them?

Study on them:

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Genetic History of Chad

The Sahel is a semi-arid zone stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east and from the Sahara in the north to the Sudanian Savanna in the south. Here, we investigated the genetic history of the spread of Northern African ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[BetterDaysAhead]

Horn of Africa hunter-gatherer (in Somalia mostly)

so we have some hunter gatherer ancestry outside of somalia also?

 

[Apollo]

so we have some hunter gatherer ancestry outside of the horn also?

Not really, they were agriculturists already in Sudan and Egypt by then. Only in the Horn were some HG groups absorbed.

 

[BetterDaysAhead]

Not really, they were agriculturists already in Sudan and Egypt by then. Only in the Horn were some HG groups absorbed.

my fault i meant to say outside of somalia instead of the horn

 

[Apollo]

my fault i meant to say outside of somalia instead of the horn

Probably not or very minimally, because Afars have the lowest HG rates of Ethiopia (see the above Ethiopia study) and I think proto-Somalis entered via their current territory.

 

[BetterDaysAhead]

Probably not, because Afars have the lowest HG rates of Ethiopia (see the above Ethiopia study) and I think proto-Somalis entered via their territory.

so south somalia wasnt the location they were absorbed into somalis?

 

[Apollo]

so south somalia wasnt the location they were absorbed into somalis?

They lived in various parts of Somaliweyn, see this quote by EDSomali:

However, their population density may have been higher between the two rivers because of more hunting opportunities. But they lived elsewhere as well.

Source.

It seems as though the people of northern Somalia were distinct from those who lived in Southern Somalia at the Buur Heybe site.

I wonder if these people were the ones to draw the Laas Geel paintings, also they could explain some of the East African lineages only found in HOAs as they extended far into Ethiopia.

More about this culture here.
More about the variants here.

 

[Halimak]

A lot more than you'd expect. They were more shifted in that direction than any Cushitic group today, except for the Ababda possibly.

How do you think a pure cushite would have looked? Same as modern Somalis? Or fairer or darker ect?

 

[Apollo]

How do you think a pure cushite would have looked? Same as modern Somalis? Or fairer or darker ect?

We can't say with certainty because they no longer exist, but you can probably make assumptions based on the phenotypes present between Upper Egypt and Eritrea today.

 

[Pioneer]

@Apollo
How long a go did South Cushites arrive in the horn/East Africa, before East Cushites?

 

[Cuneo]

We can't say with certainty because they no longer exist, but you can probably make assumptions based on the phenotypes present between Upper Egypt and Eritrea today.

Few Somalis have retained the original proto Cushite phenotype but they’re rare.

I think the original Cushites had more Caucasoid features and they were light to reddish brown in color. Similar to some modern populations in Upper Egypt (mainly Copts).