I have to agree with
@ilmoweyn . Black poverty rate increased in the 50/60s mainly because of discrimination, although it was prevalent throughout the decades before it.
It began first through job-loss.
Just as black unemployment had increased in the South with the mechanization of cotton production, black unemployment in Northern cities soared as labor-saving technology eliminated many semiskilled and unskilled jobs that historically had provided many blacks with work.
In the 1950s and '60s, Black sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and agricultural laborers in the South — the poorest of the poor — were being replaced by machines and forced off the land by plantation owners determined to reduce Afro-American populations before they achieved voting majorities in Black Belt counties. Freedom Movement efforts such as the Mississippi Freedom Labor Union, Poor Peoples Corporations, and Co-Ops had little long-term success, and new streams of unskilled, rural poor flowed into the urban slums of the North and West.
Then through series of barring them from work, investments, loans/banking/insurances/mortgages, housing , political power and education
Segregation even acted as wealth extraction from where nonresidential whites would just suck the money out of Black communities, after barring them from everything basically.
Landlords would only rent apartments to tenants of the designated race, banks and federal agencies wouldn't give or insure mortgages to buyers of the wrong color, realtors steered their clients to the "correct" neighborhoods. In some instances, real estate ads and classified listings of available apartments explicitly stated racial restrictions. The deeds to many homes, apartment buildings, and developments contained restrictive covenants specifying who they could be sold or rented to. While most of these restrictions referred only to race, some also barred Jews, for example:
Some white suburbs were known as "sundown towns" where people of color had to be gone by sundown or face arrest on trumped-up charges, or vigilante violence, or both. In many cases, official signs were posted to make this policy explicit. In Hawthorne CA, for example, a sign read: ", Don't Let The Sun Set On YOU In Hawthorne." But most of the signs simply said: "Whites Only Within City Limits After Dark".
Within the ghetto, economic power was primarily held by businesses and institutions owned by non-resident whites who financially profited from segregated housing. They enriched themselves, and by so doing placed added burdens — often insurmountable ones — on people trying climb out poverty.
They would also force them to pay high prices and rents for slum rund down apartments significantly higher than what white people would pay significantly less for nice neat sanitary new apartments.
This gives you more or less a run down of it and goes through the laws enacted.
Ghettos, Segregation, & Poverty in the 1960s
Read it
The first waves of Asian Americans were discriminated against and hated and formed apart of the lower rungs of society when they arrived. They even hate similar laws in place that restricted them and later they actually banned them. They made posters, exhibits with blatant racist caricatures of them.
The Society Pages (TSP) is an open-access social science project headquartered in the Department of Sociology at the University of Minnesota
thesocietypages.org
While these cultural values are positive, it is worth remembering that less than a century ago, Asians were described as illiterate, undesirable, and unassimilable immigrants, full of “filth and disease.” As “marginal members of the human race,” they were denied the right to naturalize, denied the right to intermarry, and were residentially segregated in crowded ethnic enclaves. They were even, in the case of Japanese immigrants, forced into internment camps.
These Asian immigrants are not only more highly educated than U.S. citizens, they’re more highly educated than their own countrymen. This reflects high selectivity among those who chose to immigrate. For example, 53% of Korean immigrants to the U.S. have a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared to only 36% of adults in South Korea.
Among Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants, the selectivity is far greater: 51% of Chinese immigrants and 26% of Vietnamese immigrants have at least a bachelor’s degree, compared to only 5% of adults in China and Vietnam. This is where we see “hyper-selectivity.”
It's only later on the migration pattern changed with self selectiveness, its only the rich affluent educated Asians and Chinese that migrate to America from their homeland, not the average person.
Also they benefit a lot from government sponsored grants start businesses when they arrive.