Umayyad Empire

Umayyad Dynasty was a post Rashidun dynasty. It was established by Mu’awiyah رضي الله عنه when he became the successor of Ali Ibn Abi Talib رضي الله عنه. The dynasty time period was 661–750 CE until it was toppled by the Abbassids.

During the Umayyad dynasty, is when some of the most major expansions happened. The base for this dynasty was Syria, and it's capital was Damascus. The Umayyad dynasty was mainly ruled by the Sufyanid family which was particularly where Mu’awiyah رضي الله عنه came from.

It was the Umayyad dynasty which also enhanced the empire's naval capabilities giving it the ability to fight the Romans, however even then the Roman naval warfare was superior which was proven during the time when the conquest of Constantinople failed.

Within Islamic scholarship, this time however was considered part of the Islamic golden age. Much of Islamic jurisprudences were codified during this time and Islamic sciences flourished within the Islamic scholarship.

The Umayyad dynasty expanded into much of central asia, modern day Pakistan and India and also expanded his rule all the way into Morocco and Spain. After Yazid, the successor Mu’awiyah became caliph (Who was met with some resistance, and whose rule is not considered favorable in Islamic history due to his direct & indirect role in the death of the Prophet's grandson), Abd al Malik became a caliph who further stabilized the dynasty.

The Umayyad dynasty also launched campaigns to conquer Constantinople with no success. During Abd Al Malik's rule, the dynasty launched it's own currency along with stabilizing the entire treasury and finances of the empire. The decline of the rule also began after the Umayyads were defeated by the Byzantines.

Umar II رَحِمَهُ الله brought people and encouraged people back to Islamic orthodoxy and he was a well respected personality. After a quick spread of the empire, the empire was succeeded by Umar Ibn Abd al Aziz. This is when the empire slowed down it's rapid uncontrollable expansion, along with reforming taxation as well as few social reforms. (Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia, 2021).

Eventually, the dynasty was over thrown by the Abbassids. The Abbassids defeated Marwan II and didn't spare any Umayyad member except Abd Al-Rahman, who escaped the Andalus, modern day Spain under Muslim rule and became a caliph (Afsaruddin, 2020) which we will be covered in a different article.

Citations:

Afsaruddin, A. (2020, February 6). Umayyad dynasty. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Umayyad-dynasty-Islamic-history

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, January 28). ʿUmar II. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Umar-II

 
might be propaganda from Berber nationalist.
No it's the Abbasids.

When they took power they nearly wiped the ummayads burn there houses insulted in the street it even reached the point they opened their graves and mutilated there bodies.

What make me angry is that the last ummayads ruler was a salih one who try to make peace and stability
 

tyrannicalmanager

pseudo-intellectual
No it's the Abbasids.

When they took power they nearly wiped the ummayads burn there houses insulted in the street it even reached the point they opened their graves and mutilated there bodies.

What make me angry is that the last ummayads ruler was a salih one who try to make peace and stability
i wasn't aware, do you have some good books about this subject?
 

Maxmfhjkhd

"realistic"
I do not like the Umayyads, frankly, their history is bloody and all of it was murdered. And they were very Arab nationalists, to the extent that they would take taxes from non-Arabs, even if they became Muslims
 
I do not like the Umayyads, frankly, their history is bloody and all of it was murdered. And they were very Arab nationalists, to the extent that they would take taxes from non-Arabs, even if they became Muslims
definitely agree with and let me list the reason I detest the Umayyads

1- Mu’awiyah fighting the elected Khalifah Imam Ali RA despite knowing Imam Ali was right then later on betraying Imam Al Hassan's condition that the next khalifah would be elected by the ummah and putting Yazed (may Allah curse him) as the Khlifat almuslmiin.

2- the cursing of Imam Ali on all minbars after his death

3- the killing of sahabah. Imam Hussien RA and Abdullah bin Alzubair.

4- destroying the Kabaah twice with Mangonels

5- the massacre of madinah ( وقعه الحره) killing the families of Ansar and raping their daughters.

6- Most of the Ummyads were cursed by the Prophet PBUP before they were even born (لعن الله الحكم وما يخرج من صلبه) the curse of Allah upon Al hakam and his descendants.

7- the atrocities and killings committed by Al Hajaaj.
 
definitely agree with and let me list the reason I detest the Umayyads

1- Mu’awiyah fighting the elected Khalifah Imam Ali RA despite knowing Imam Ali was right then later on betraying Imam Al Hassan's condition that the next khalifah would be elected by the ummah and putting Yazed (may Allah curse him) as the Khlifat almuslmiin.

2- the cursing of Imam Ali on all minbars after his death

3- the killing of sahabah. Imam Hussien RA and Abdullah bin Alzubair.

4- destroying the Kabaah twice with Mangonels

5- the massacre of madinah ( وقعه الحره) killing the families of Ansar and raping their daughters.

6- Most of the Ummyads were cursed by the Prophet PBUP before they were even born (لعن الله الحكم وما يخرج من صلبه) the curse of Allah upon Al hakam and his descendants.

7- the atrocities and killings committed by Al Hajaaj.
All what you say is a lie
 
You said that mu'awyah Ra fought Ali Ra.

Did he fought him for dunya or for a misunderstanding of how and when to avenge Uthman Ra.

Most uluma agree that mu'awyah didn't and to fight Ali and the same goes with Ali.

Don't forget that Ali made a deal with mu'awyah for peace and both agreed and when the two armies slept the munafiks of both armies attacked each other to continue the war.

The prophets said about the group who fight the khawarij he said
تقتلُهُم أقربُ الطّائفَتين إلى الحقِّ

So it's clear that mu'awyah want haaq but Ali was closer to it.
 
You said that mu'awyah Ra fought Ali Ra.

Did he fought him for dunya or for a misunderstanding of how and when to avenge Uthman Ra.

Most uluma agree that mu'awyah didn't and to fight Ali and the same goes with Ali.

Don't forget that Ali made a deal with mu'awyah for peace and both agreed and when the two armies slept the munafiks of both armies attacked each other to continue the war.

The prophets said about the group who fight the khawarij he said
تقتلُهُم أقربُ الطّائفَتين إلى الحقِّ

So it's clear that mu'awyah want haaq but Ali was closer to it.

what you narrated is the opinion of ibn Taymmiyah which I respect but disagree on like many sahabah and ulimah did. lets take this hadith regarding the death of Amaar bin yasir RA
"
عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، قالَ لي ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ ولِابْنِهِ عَلِيٍّ: انْطَلِقَا إلى أبِي سَعِيدٍ فَاسْمعا مِن حَديثِهِ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا فَإِذَا هو في حَائِطٍ يُصْلِحُهُ، فأخَذَ رِدَاءَهُ فَاحْتَبَى، ثُمَّ أنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُنَا حتَّى أتَى ذِكْرُ بنَاءِ المَسْجِدِ، فَقالَ: كُنَّا نَحْمِلُ لَبِنَةً لَبِنَةً وعَمَّارٌ لَبِنَتَيْنِ لَبِنَتَيْنِ، فَرَآهُ النبيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ فَيَنْفُضُ التُّرَابَ عنْه، ويقولُ: ويْحَ عَمَّارٍ، تَقْتُلُهُ الفِئَةُ البَاغِيَةُ، يَدْعُوهُمْ إلى الجَنَّةِ، ويَدْعُونَهُ إلى النَّارِ. قالَ: يقولُ عَمَّارٌ: أعُوذُ باللَّهِ مِنَ الفِتَنِ.
الراوي : أبو سعيد الخدري | المحدث : البخاري | المصدر : صحيح البخاري
الصفحة أو الرقم: 447 | خلاصة حكم المحدث : [صحيح]"

the hadith explicitly states that the army of Imam Ali (which Amaar fought with ) is leading to janah and the army thats going to kill him (Amaar) is leading to Hell fire and Amaar RA died in the first day of the Safeen war against Mu'awayh. now bear in mind that most sahabah heard this hadith since they were building a masjid when The Prophet said it. now lets read what Mu'awyah said when he heard the hadith during his war against Imam Ali.

- لمَّا قُتِلَ عَمَّارٌ، دخَلَ عَمرُو بنُ حَزمٍ على عَمرِو بنِ العاصِ، فقال: قُتِلَ عَمَّارٌ! وقد قال رسولُ اللهِ صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ: تَقتُلُه الفِئةُ الباغيةُ. فدخَلَ عَمرٌو على مُعاويةَ، فقال: قُتِلَ عَمَّارٌ. فقال: قُتِلَ عَمَّارٌ، فماذا؟ قال: سمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ يقولُ: تَقتُلُه الفِئةُ الباغيةُ. قال: دُحِضتَ في بَولِكَ، أوَنحن قتَلْناه؟! إنَّما قتَلَه علِيٌّ وأصحابُه الذين ألقَوْه بيْنَ رِماحِنا -أو قال: بيْنَ سُيوفِنا.

الراوي : أبو أبي بكر بن حزم | المحدث : شعيب الأرناؤوط | المصدر : تخريج سير أعلام النبلاء
الصفحة أو الرقم : 1/420 | خلاصة حكم المحدث : إسناده صحيح


So instead of Muwayah stopping the war when he heard that it was his army responsible for the death of Amaar he blatantly accused Imam Ali by saying he killed Amaar by bring him to the war.

the good question you should ask yourself is why didnt Muawayh capture those that were responsible of Othman RA death when he was easily able to do so but instead Killed Hujer bin odey RA for praising and supporting ALI and objected to publicly curse Ali. All Mu'awayh wanted was to be a khlifah. Justice for Othman RA was nothing but a charade and lies. Lastly, lets read what ibn Tammuyah said about Mu'awayh.

"وصار أميرا على جميع المسلمين ومع هذا فلم يقتل قتلة عثمان الذين كانوا قد بقوا بل روى عنه أنه لما قدم المدينة حاجا فسمع الصوت في دار عثمان يا أمير المؤمنيناه يا أمير المؤمنيناه فقال ما هذا قالوا بنت عثمان تندب عثمان فصرف الناس ثم ذهب إليهم فقال يا ابنة عم إن الناس قد بذلوا لنا الطاعة على كره وبذلنا لهم حلما على غيظ فإن رددنا حلمنا ردوا طاعتهم ولأن تكوني بنت أمير المؤمنين خير من أن تكوني واحدة من عرض الناس فلا أسمعنك بعد اليوم ذكرت عثمان"

لكتاب : منهاج السنة النبوية
المؤلف : شيخ الإسلام بن تيمية
 
The Umayyad Empire was the zenith of Arab power in their history. It’s incredible how the Arabs reached the borders of China in the East & hiked the Pyrenees into Southern France to battle the Franks in the West.

The Arabs under Umayyad leadership of that time lived life to the fullest & left a lasting legacy on Human history.
 
what you narrated is the opinion of ibn Taymmiyah which I respect but disagree on like many sahabah and ulimah did. lets take this hadith regarding the death of Amaar bin yasir RA
"
عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، قالَ لي ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ ولِابْنِهِ عَلِيٍّ: انْطَلِقَا إلى أبِي سَعِيدٍ فَاسْمعا مِن حَديثِهِ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا فَإِذَا هو في حَائِطٍ يُصْلِحُهُ، فأخَذَ رِدَاءَهُ فَاحْتَبَى، ثُمَّ أنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُنَا حتَّى أتَى ذِكْرُ بنَاءِ المَسْجِدِ، فَقالَ: كُنَّا نَحْمِلُ لَبِنَةً لَبِنَةً وعَمَّارٌ لَبِنَتَيْنِ لَبِنَتَيْنِ، فَرَآهُ النبيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ فَيَنْفُضُ التُّرَابَ عنْه، ويقولُ: ويْحَ عَمَّارٍ، تَقْتُلُهُ الفِئَةُ البَاغِيَةُ، يَدْعُوهُمْ إلى الجَنَّةِ، ويَدْعُونَهُ إلى النَّارِ. قالَ: يقولُ عَمَّارٌ: أعُوذُ باللَّهِ مِنَ الفِتَنِ.
الراوي : أبو سعيد الخدري | المحدث : البخاري | المصدر : صحيح البخاري
الصفحة أو الرقم: 447 | خلاصة حكم المحدث : [صحيح]"

the hadith explicitly states that the army of Imam Ali (which Amaar fought with ) is leading to janah and the army thats going to kill him (Amaar) is leading to Hell fire and Amaar RA died in the first day of the Safeen war against Mu'awayh. now bear in mind that most sahabah heard this hadith since they were building a masjid when The Prophet said it. now lets read what Mu'awyah said when he heard the hadith during his war against Imam Ali.

- لمَّا قُتِلَ عَمَّارٌ، دخَلَ عَمرُو بنُ حَزمٍ على عَمرِو بنِ العاصِ، فقال: قُتِلَ عَمَّارٌ! وقد قال رسولُ اللهِ صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ: تَقتُلُه الفِئةُ الباغيةُ. فدخَلَ عَمرٌو على مُعاويةَ، فقال: قُتِلَ عَمَّارٌ. فقال: قُتِلَ عَمَّارٌ، فماذا؟ قال: سمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ يقولُ: تَقتُلُه الفِئةُ الباغيةُ. قال: دُحِضتَ في بَولِكَ، أوَنحن قتَلْناه؟! إنَّما قتَلَه علِيٌّ وأصحابُه الذين ألقَوْه بيْنَ رِماحِنا -أو قال: بيْنَ سُيوفِنا.

الراوي : أبو أبي بكر بن حزم | المحدث : شعيب الأرناؤوط | المصدر : تخريج سير أعلام النبلاء
الصفحة أو الرقم : 1/420 | خلاصة حكم المحدث : إسناده صحيح


So instead of Muwayah stopping the war when he heard that it was his army responsible for the death of Amaar he blatantly accused Imam Ali by saying he killed Amaar by bring him to the war.

the good question you should ask yourself is why didnt Muawayh capture those that were responsible of Othman RA death when he was easily able to do so but instead Killed Hujer bin odey RA for praising and supporting ALI and objected to publicly curse Ali. All Mu'awayh wanted was to be a khlifah. Justice for Othman RA was nothing but a charade and lies. Lastly, lets read what ibn Tammuyah said about Mu'awayh.

"وصار أميرا على جميع المسلمين ومع هذا فلم يقتل قتلة عثمان الذين كانوا قد بقوا بل روى عنه أنه لما قدم المدينة حاجا فسمع الصوت في دار عثمان يا أمير المؤمنيناه يا أمير المؤمنيناه فقال ما هذا قالوا بنت عثمان تندب عثمان فصرف الناس ثم ذهب إليهم فقال يا ابنة عم إن الناس قد بذلوا لنا الطاعة على كره وبذلنا لهم حلما على غيظ فإن رددنا حلمنا ردوا طاعتهم ولأن تكوني بنت أمير المؤمنين خير من أن تكوني واحدة من عرض الناس فلا أسمعنك بعد اليوم ذكرت عثمان"

لكتاب : منهاج السنة النبوية
المؤلف : شيخ الإسلام بن تيمية

So what is meant by supplication to Paradise in this hadith is to supplicate to its cause, which is obedience to the Commander of the Faithful, and what is meant by supplication to Hell is supplication to its cause, which is the difficulty of the Commander of the Faithful, and revolt against him.
But whoever did that with diligence and a reasonable interpretation, he is excused.

Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir, may God have mercy on him, said:
" وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ حَيْثُ أَخْبَرَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ أَنَّهُ تَقْتُلُهُ الْفِئَةُ الْبَاغِيَةُ ، وَقَدْ قَتَلَهُ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ فِي وَقْعَةِ صِفِّينَ ، وَعَمَّارٌ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ وَأَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ وَتَفْصِيلُهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ أَحَقَّ بِالْأَمْرِ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ .
وَلَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ تَسْمِيَةِ أَصْحَابِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بُغَاةً : تَكْفِيرُهُمْ ، كَمَا يُحَاوِلُهُ جَهَلَةُ الْفِرْقَةِ الضَّالَّةِ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ ; لِأَنَّهُمْ وَإِنْ كَانُوا بُغَاةً فِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُجْتَهِدِينَ فِيمَا تَعَاطَوْهُ مِنَ الْقِتَالِ، وَلَيْسَ كُلُّ مُجْتَهِدٍ مُصِيبًا، بَلِ الْمُصِيبُ لَهُ أَجْرَانِ، وَالْمُخْطِئُ لَهُ أَجْرٌ .
 
just like hussien Ra revolt which was a wrong but we ahlu sunnah say may allah forgive him he wanted the good for muslims but did a wrong action to revolt and trust the iraqis.

so if we call muawyah a khariji then you must say the same to hussien ra and kharjite most sahaba.
 
ok about the word باغية which isnt an insult or bad thing because allah said

( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ *

read the next ayah

نَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ ) الحجرات/ 9- 10.

so allah here gave the باغيgroup and confırm the brotherhood and ıman between the two fıghtıng groups.
 

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