Time-Origin of the Somali People and Matters of Ethnicity

@Reformed J This is a further elaboration on our discussion and I made a thread because I think such extensive posts deserve it. Here is the link for people who want background context.

If we reframed the question to where today's definitions of Somali identity stem from, it is doubtful it would go beyond the early medieval period. The definition of our historical identity recollection is considerably tied to Islam to the point where it would be impossible to define without it as it would construct away massive impactful process realities that resulted in who we are today. Drawing perspective from ethnographic conceptualization, a person who divorces themselves from that history and doesn't identify with the Islamic ways, our contextual baseline of who we are and our civilization down to giving explanations for views and actions on a personal level, will struggle with their identity since it is, by definition, ethnoreligious-like. The concrete answer to this question cannot wholly go beyond Islam, as it makes up about 2/3 of the definition.

A timeline breakdown goes like this: ~2700 years before the present is the nascent stage of early Somalis, then several punctuated steps of historical, cultural, state, and economic proportions, with the latest ground definition being somewhere in the medieval age --, still I would say 2700 years ago is the original spring of ethnogenesis that gives the context of a set group that later would change. The economic existence was entirely mature many centuries before Islam came. Adal, for example, was a late height of what Somalis had fashioned for economic infrastructure since antiquity, already running a distinct economic sphere and more expansive and coherent in its impact on the region, I might add, compared to the Axumite and their later Habash descendants who I have to emphasize was a totally separate entity. The cultural and traditional aspects were kept, in large parts, especially the agropastoral-trading synergy existing as a coherent economic system. When you examine the characteristics through the backdrop of all the knowledge we have, the continuity is salient, with changes being very complimentary developments rather than abrupt paradigm shits.

I have already proven that through genetic research, Somalis considered themselves of the same people group by how they had high gene flow among themselves but excluded all Ethiopian groups. You can never reconcile this with the notion that those many clans considered themselves as different ethnic groups; otherwise, you would have a difficult (impossible and irrational) time explaining how other Ethiopian ethnic groups are entirely out-group. Such asymmetry is, by definition, the highest-marked definition of an in-group. Our genetic history makes no sense if our ancient ancestors did not consider themselves the same -- where clan identity functions as a separate dual identity of more immediate kin rather than conflicting with the identity of a concept of broader peoplehood or as a lesser form, "race" or tribe. You could be a hardcore clan-ist but be genetically homogenous with a rival clan because of a deep, constant history of mixing, coupled with where the ultimate origin is the same in terms of deep lineage. If every clan was a separate ethnic group, you would see genetic structuralization that reflects this and much wider diversity, with more pronounced regional population assortment results.

Here is a previous post going into different things, undeniably, substantiating the topic:

Genetic studies debunk this. The people who call themselves Somalis today exclusively mix amongst themselves at the exclusion of every other group. Ethnicity is literally defined by the in-group/out-group tendencies and the facts on the grounds say we were highly endogamic, with Ethiopians mixing across divergent speech groups if they were in geographic proximity creating a gradient, while Somalis in Ethiopia were the only group identified to break that tendency, at the same time, showing they highly mixed with other Somalis. Somalis simply mixed with Somali clans while totally not with other ethnicities -- and this has been a thing since we came to the region, given how we retained not only homogeneity but also very pristine Cushitic DNA no other group in the Horn of Africa retained due to mixing to the degree of Somalis. This has been a several thousand-year process and has nothing to do with colonialism.

From Hammeren et al., 2022:

"At K=11 another East African component appears maximized in the Somali populations and as such might represent Cushitic related ancestry."

"The analysis using FEEMS recapitulates expected natural barriers to migration such as the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Persian Gulf, and the Sahara Desert. In addition to clear geographical barriers, we also see evidence of linguistic and cultural barriers. One obvious example is the low migration rate between the Ethiopian Somali and the other Ethiopian populations, and as expected high migration rate inferred between the different Somali groups."

Somalis had high intra ethnic but inter-clan mixing:View attachment 294459
View attachment 294460

Ali et al., 2020, showed how the Cushitic DNA has been stable and retained among Somalis ever since the divergent components mixed, meaning only one thing, not only did we mix exclusively with groups already matching the DNA proportions before coming to the Horn of Africa, but that we retained those dimensions to en extraordinary high degree since that signature genesis:

"The similarity of individuals is apparent, which presumably reflects very ancient admixture events and a unification process through endogamy."

"We observed that a vast majority of our study individuals carried similar proportions of genes from those ancient populations, which possibly can be explained by the fact that ethnic Somalis have a strong genetic unification by endogamy, due to the custom of marrying only within the limits of their ethnic group, in addition to consanguineous practices."

"However, recent evidences based on Y-STR haplotypes studied on Somalis from diverse geographic locations and clans suggest that ethnic Somalis are largely homogenous, supporting the representativeness of our samples for the larger Somali population."

This tells you as a man with no prior knowledge on this subject that there could never have been intra-ethnic diverse structuralism.

Hodgson et al., 2014 came to the same conclusion by observing the groups of the region:

"We then used the ADMIXTURE results to inform subgroup formation. At K = 12, the Amhara, Tygray, Oromo, and Afar all have similar proportions of non-African ancestries that differ from that seen in the Ari and Somali (Figure 2). This observation suggests a geographical structuring between the Amhara, Tygray, Oromo, and Afar in the Ethiopian highlands, the Somali in eastern Ethiopia and the Somalia lowlands, and the Ari in the southwestern Ethiopian Rift."

There was always Somali-specific ancestry structuralism no matter what clan or geographic placement at the exclusion of other groups. Somalis break the tendencies characteristic of the whole region basically only conforming to their own ways. So again, this is impossible without an ethnic conception... This discrimination is the quintessential definition of a coherent group you can ever find and it had nothing to do with colonialism.

Heck, the TVD matter thegoodshepherd brought up proves this even further.

Internal TVD (the red is Somali while the rest are other Ethiopian groups):
1708706492132.png


External TVD:
1708706540089.png


"External" really highlights this tremendously. It says that those Ethiopian Cushitic and Semitic-speaking groups have a genetic variation that does not need outside sources to explain their within-group differentials, while Somalis differ tremendously with that. Somalis are not a variation of Ethiopian diversity, existing on their own distinct cluster of population history. You can see on Fst and TVD how relational value in genetic diversity has its own closed-off population history dimension. So when people come and say that Somali is not an ethnicity or it is a recent invention, or even claim the group that we refer to as Somalis today are only close because of late homogenization, these people lack any meaningful insight on the matter to pathetic proportions. They talk without actually providing anything but their senseless irrationality. Every genetic study underscores my exact point. This late invention of Somali as peoplehood argumentation is unequivocally false nonsense.

These deviants that regurgitate unproven opinions that never engage with the actual research will claim all kinds of crap, speaking against the reality of research itself -- these are frauds.
 
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