yeah there main weapon was fear.The mongols sacking Baghdad and a host of other factors really ended the golden age in persia. Even so really interesting the way they conquered half the world.
They did not lack in numbers and proficiency, who told you that?! Unlike settled people, every able bodied male is a soldier for nomadic herders. Even their women have been practicing archery and horse riding since they were children, there was literally nobody more proficient in the world compared to them in horse riding and archery.yeah there main weapon was fear.
because they lack numbers and lands and proficiency comparing to other great nations.
ok, but china and Khwarizmi empires had great cities with huge walls and could easily hold against Mongols who were unfamiliar with siege warfare and these empires had more in term of population and more soldiers with better equipment.They did not lack in numbers and proficiency, who told you that?! Unlike settled people, every able bodied male is a soldier for nomadic herders. Even their women have been practicing archery and horse riding since they were children, there was literally nobody more proficient in the world compared to them in horse riding and archery.
Plus, they were nomadic herders, they didnโt need land except for grazing and watering their flocks whether they were in Ukraine or in China.
The Khwarazmian Empire was completely conquered and absorbed within two years, they stood no chance against the superior Mongol forces.ok, but china and Khwarizmi empires had great cities with huge walls and could easily hold against Mongols who were unfamiliar with siege warfare and these empires had more in term of population and more soldiers with better equipment.
the deadly mistake that Khwarizmi sultan did was the split his forces and send them to the west of his empire which made the eastern part easy target for Mongols and I'm sure if he assembled his armies and attacked them indecisive battle he would survive.The Khwarazmian Empire was completely conquered and absorbed within two years, they stood no chance against the superior Mongol forces.
In regards to China, the northern Jin Dynasty was conquered much earlier than the southern Song Dynasty.
Southern China on the other hand, is much more densely populated, humid, wetter, and warmer than northern China and Mongol forces struggled here more than anywhere else as their cavalry couldnโt be used like in northern China.
You are correct that siege warfare was a weakness for the Mongols, however, they were able to adapt and use the knowledges of conquered people to their advantage, especially in conquering the Song Dynasty where their cavalry superiority did not give them a decisive advantage. The accumulation of experts and people throughout Euroasia who helped build siege weaponry and naval power was an instrumental factor in conquering southern China.
Horse archers and hit and run tactics were nothing new, the Mongols didnโt reinvent the wheel. It was common in Eurasia. What made Mongols special were their organisation skills aka the decimal system, and their discipline. Nobody done it on the scale of Mongols before. They were without a doubt, the most organised and disciplined military force in history during the 13th century.the deadly mistake that Khwarizmi sultan did was the split his forces and send them to the west of his empire which made the eastern part easy target for Mongols and I'm sure if he assembled his armies and attacked them indecisive battle he would survive.
btw the Khwarizmi's used horse archer and hit and run tactics the same tactics which Mongols used.
Horse archers and hit and run tactics were nothing new, the Mongols didnโt reinvent the wheel. It was common in Eurasia. What made Mongols special were their organisation skills aka the decimal system, and their discipline. Nobody done it on the scale of Mongols before. They were without a doubt, the most organised and disciplined military force in history during the 13th century.
Practically all nomadic herders in the Eurasian steppes used it.It's literally called the "Parthian shot" because even the Parthians used it against the Romans.
Horse archers and hit and run tactics were nothing new, the Mongols didnโt reinvent the wheel. It was common in Eurasia. What made Mongols special were their organisation skills aka the decimal system, and their discipline. Nobody done it on the scale of Mongols before. They were without a doubt, the most organised and disciplined military force in history during the 13th century.