@Juke
The Oromo in those NFD samples are overplayed because Oromo compensates for ZAF-related ancestry that they have:
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These hunter-gatherer elements get overcompensated by foreign ancestry if one does not control for them. Also, you need to add more Somali samples to the sources because one sample is not a proto-type example that fits every dimension. We are very relatively homogenous but not every non-mixed Somali sample is equidistant, core Somali. There are several dimensional slightly shifted cores that majorly overlap but represent the internal mixing of Somalis and assortments. I added all the samples from the non-average datasheet without two that had more Arabian than the rest, including a few southern non-mixed samples.
Oromos are genetically too close that some of the Somali variations can borrow signatures from Oromo if one uses only one average or one sample.
You have that issue even with my thing:
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Some Khoisan-like enriched people were mixed with Somalis in mixed or unmixed form in very minor proportion that some Somalis have it, while others don't. That ancestry is often mistaken as a Mota variation when one sees Oromo pop up in G25 when it is something else.
One recognizes Oromo and real Mota in samples with such ancestry, such as
@garangar
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By the way, you (if you're still around) don't have typical South Asians but more like people with Iranic with strong South Asian substructure that exist on the gradient.
Even Bowda, who selects for Oromo or Mota actually has no such ancestry but carries ZAF-related stuff:
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Remove the ZAF and you have this:
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Notice that ZAF always carries a better fit.
Kathar (I don't think he is on the forum anymore) has Mota-related ancestry:
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If I add Dinka, the Bantu completely disappears. In fact, whenever you see Kindoki, assume Dinka-related stuff.
Was this entirely from Oromo? Maybe. Maybe not. He could be of substantial 15% Oromo descent, or he could be 5% Oromo yet carry enriched Mota ancestry for some strange reason. Either way, ZAF is not the explanation here. So my point is, that this is not a response that tries to undermine real mixture with Oromos, merely that there is a hidden element that often confuses Oromos for internal Somali ancestry that they got from somewhere else that probably did not look like Mota. I will go as far as to say that is why people previously thought we had Oromo while on other studies it showed a lack of such ancestry. We had very minor but present ghost component that skews these readings.
Still, among those NFD samples, 41S, 52S, and 61S, are substantially Oromo admixed.
This sounds "out there," but I think those early pastoral people had ZAF-related enrichment of a ghost population that is no more than 2-3% but were overrepresented with Mota. I really do think there is an unknown ancestry going on. I also said a long time ago that I don't think those two early Kenyan Pastoralists were Mota mixed. Something else has to be accounted for.
One can convert the Oromo affinity with Ari Blacksmith ancestry for various reasons. That proxy aligns well with the samples that show Mota affinity while the ZAF ones do not. So it cannot be a coincidence or sampling artifact, in my opinion. I think late-stage hunter-gatherers that Somalis and South Cushites (although they clearly had some Mota-related influence and the ZAF stuff with it) encountered were of two clines. One that probably stretched from the southern Somali region in the tropical regions to Kenya (Boni/Aweer people got considerable hunter-gatherer mtDNAs) and one that had a Mota cline. It seems to me that the ones Somalis came into contact with were not the Mota cline but the other one. Somali hunter-gatherers who probably were pushed south before Somalis came could have been majorly Southern African hunter-gatherers-like.
This is not far-fetched. Hunter-gatherers in the region, including Mota, had considerable ZAF elements in them. There was one study showing that hunter-gatherers in Kenya had kept to niches. It is not unusual to find isolated tribes living in their respective sub-regions in tropical zones that could be genetically isolated from each other. Usually, they had small population sizes which explains why we cannot find it in large sums among Somalis.
