The Cape of Spices
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North-East Somalia Trade History
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16th Century Xaafuun.
*In ancient history, Xaafuun was called 'Opone' by foreigners like the Greeks in ancient times. Mentioned in the old script 'Periplus of the Erythrean Sea'.
*In ancient history, Xaafuun was called 'Opone' by foreigners like the Greeks in ancient times. Mentioned in the old script 'Periplus of the Erythrean Sea'.
The Sultanates/Kingdoms of the North-East and Trade
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1880- Punishment for someone who deceived the Sultanate's treasury.
Of course, trade can result in disputes and even murder.
Below is a peace treaty between the Sultan of the North-East and the Na'ib of Mukalla.
Below is a peace treaty between the Sultan of the North-East and the Na'ib of Mukalla.
Thanks for the infos. Didn't know a lot of this. Great thread.
The Eritrea Connection
The 13th Century
A history of the Majeerteen Sultanate: 1700-1927.
Maritime trade and diplomacy in the northern Horn of Africa.
www.africanhistoryextra.com
1800s onwards
Trade and Economy of Majeerteen: Frankincense and Fort-building.
The growth of Aden and Muscat (Oman) increased maritime trade in the western Indian ocean ,creating more demand for Somali commodities including incenses, livestock, spices, coffee and hides. In 1837, an estimated 732 tonnes of Frankincense collected from the capitalβs hinterland was sold at Merayah annually, more than half of which went to Bombay, while the rest went to the Red sea region and southern Arabia.21
By the 1870s, Majeerteenβs trade with the city of Aden alone amounted to around 5% of the cityβs total imports valued at around 500,000 British Rupees per year by the 1870s, or about Β£25,000β50,000 sterling (about Β£30β60 million today), a figure that would double by the end of the century. While most of the export trade was in the hands of foreign merchants, a significant share was also undertaken by Majeerteen merchants. By the mid-19th century, local merchants owned 40 large merchant sailboats between them, each capable of carrying one hundred tons.22
Increasing numbers of local merchant vessels in Marjeerteenβs ports enabled its merchants to control more of its export trade to southern Arabia and sail southwards along Somaliβs coast for trade goods. Majeerteen exports were sold across the entire stretch of Yemen's coast, the sultanate's traders travelled as far south as the Benadir coast between Mogadishu and Kismayo, to purchase grain for sale in Arabia. Their activities partly contributed to the agricultural boom of southern Somalia in the late 19th century.23
The uptick in commerce amplified pre-existing social patterns, trade routes and commercial institutions. Majeerteen aristocrats imported a range of markers of social distinction such as horses, cavalry warfare, forts and multi-story houses built in the style of the Hadhramaut. A visitor to Meraya in 1872 described the Majeerteen capital as occupied by about 700 inhabitants, with three mosques, a school and a multi-story palace of the Sultan built in the 1830s.24
Majeerteenβs rising prosperity attracted diverse clan groups from the interior who built more settlements within the port towns. Conflicts between the new communities were resolved by the Majeerteen sultan, and through the construction of forts for each community that were used to store weapons, as well as to provide security for each community. Most of them were built using materials acquired from Aden, By 1906, Meraya had 4 forts, Ziada had 3 forts, Bosaso had 7 forts, Kandala had 6 forts, Durbo had 4 forts, Filuk had 4 forts, and Alula had 3 forts.25
Fort of Hafun, early 20th century, Archivio Aperto di Ateneo UniversitΓ degli studi Roma Tre, Italy.
Majeerteen fort at Alula, ca. 1891, archivio fotografico
Majeerteen fort at Bender Gasim (Bandar Cassim), ca. 1891, archivio fotografico
The Sultanate looked out for its people, wherever they went, like a real Government.
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Emir of Zayla
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Mukalla is the Gulf yes? I didnβt know that Somalis and the Gulf were signing treaties back then because they were colonized under the British.
The Sultanate of Majeerteenia was not under the British, they were our enemy that wrote slander about us because they wanted to rule our waters. The Sultanate had treaties and other relations with the Gulf and other foreign countries.
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Emir of Zayla
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I meant the Gulf because they were colonized under the British in the Trucial States.
Emir of Zayla
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The King of Adal put Catholic European missionaries to death in the 1600s in Hafun? I didnβt know they still held control over that region during that time cool
An American Confederate Colonel made a detailed account of his visit to Majeerteenia, some interesting facts about how people lived and traded. In addition to information on the Monarch of Majeerteenia.
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The King at the time was only 17 years old, his father died 10 years prior to this visit.
He would travel on horseback, followed by a 100 guards on foot, and slaves, to collect taxes and tributes from the Kingdom.
The King at the time was only 17 years old, his father died 10 years prior to this visit.
He would travel on horseback, followed by a 100 guards on foot, and slaves, to collect taxes and tributes from the Kingdom.
There is so much to post, but here is an interesting post.
Remember, Butiyaalo was a very important location, look what they found.
During the wars against Italy, they bombed this place for 22 hours, destroying everything!
Remember, Butiyaalo was a very important location, look what they found.
During the wars against Italy, they bombed this place for 22 hours, destroying everything!
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