More somali guys need to hit the gym

You often see Somalis with certain physical traits frailty, thinness, obesity or low muscle mass because many are not in optimal health. Nutrient deficiencies are surprisingly common, especially in iron, vitamin A, and vitamin D. These deficiencies largely stem from diet and lifestyle rather than genetics.

For example, overconsumption of milk (which inhibits iron absorption) without enough red meat can lead to iron deficiency. Low vitamin D is often due to limited sun exposure and indoor urban living, while vitamin A is typically lacking in diets with few vegetables or animal fats.


Looking through historical accounts, Somali fishermen were consistently described as robust, muscular, and energetic followed by agro-pastoralists. At the bottom were urban dwellers, often viewed as frail or undernourished or overweight at times. These town populations consumed high amounts of oil, rice, and milk, with little meat and minimal physical activity, sound familiar?

This traditional reer magaalo (urban dweller) lifestyle has more or less continued today. Coffee has been replaced with khat, and physical activity has dropped even more. What’s important here is that many of the physical traits Somalis associate with "ethnic appearance" like being slim, frailty or obesity may actually be symptoms of chronic undernutrition or overconsumption of empty calories linked to lifestyle rather than anything inherent or genetic.

What really drives this point home is how dramatically people’s appearance changes when they shift to a higher-protein diet and engage in physical activity. Look at the transformation of that Somali guy who trained to become a sprinter or past examples like the African long jump champion of Somali background. These athletes prove Somalis can excel in explosive, strength-based sports not just endurance if the right conditions are in place.

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And contrary to popular belief, there’s no strong genetic evidence that East Africans are “naturally built” for endurance. Consider this peer-reviewed study:
A growing body of evidence suggests that genetic variation does influence athletic performance, yet despite the speculation that African athletes have a genetic advantage for physical performance, there is no genetic evidence to suggest that this is the case.

And a 2024 meta-analysis summed it up even more clearly:
Runners from East Africa often exhibit ectomorphic somatotypes, characterized by lean body compositions which lead them to an extraordinary biomechanical and metabolic efficiency. Their sociocultural lifestyle, training regimens beginning at a young age with aerobic activities, seem crucial, as well as moderate volume, high-intensity workouts at altitudes ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 m. Psychological factors, including a strong motivation to succeed driven by aspirations for socioeconomic improvement and a rich tradition of running excellence, also contribute significantly. A multifactorial explanation considering these factors, without a clear genetic influence, is nowadays the strongest argument to explain the East African phenomenon.
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The real "advantage" is high-altitude training (2,000–3,000 m) that boosts oxygen efficiency, plus early aerobic training, strong community support, and a culture of athletic excellence.

Also worth noting: Somali runners Ayanleh Souleiman and Abdi Bile were middle-distance champions, not long-distance runners. Mo Farah, a long-distance legend, attributes much of his success to training in high-altitude Kenya, learning from the best Kenyan athletes in Iten home to many world-class runners.

“I trained and lived with Kenyan runners in the Rift Valley. Their high-mileage hill workouts and strong running culture made the difference.” — Mo Farah

Bottom line is this, instead of leaning on vague ideas of genetics, Somalis should focus on improving their nutrition, lifestyle, and access to athletic development. The potential is there, it just needs to be unlocked.
 
You often see Somalis with certain physical traits frailty, thinness, obesity or low muscle mass because many are not in optimal health. Nutrient deficiencies are surprisingly common, especially in iron, vitamin A, and vitamin D. These deficiencies largely stem from diet and lifestyle rather than genetics.
Bottom line is this, instead of leaning on vague ideas of genetics, Somalis should focus on improving their nutrition, lifestyle, and access to athletic development. The potential is there, it just needs to be unlocked.
That being said, we’re definitely seeing a health and fitness shift happening in Somalia.

I remember watching this BBC segment where a Somali nutritionist discussed how people during Ramadan were eating unbalanced meals heavy in sugar, carbs, and oils, but lacking key nutrients like protein and vitamins:


On the bright side, there’s now a visible surge in gym memberships and new gyms opening up in major cities like Mogadishu and Hargeisa:



And this isn’t limited to men. Somali women are also entering the fitness space, with more women-only gyms opening and promoting wellness:


I really hope this trend continues and expands to include more awareness around diet especially for women, who are often overlooked in public health discussions. There’s a lot of potential for lasting change if this momentum is supported culturally and institutionally.
 
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