1-Autonomy and Statehood: Puntland declared itself an autonomous state within the Federal Republic of Somalia in 1998, following the collapse of the central government in 1991. This move was driven by the desire for local autonomy and self-governance. The Somali federal government has been reluctant to fully recognize Puntland’s statehood, leading to ongoing disputes over sovereignty.
2-Resource Sharing: Puntland is strategically located along the coast and has valuable marine resources. Disputes over the control and revenue-sharing of these resources, including fishing and ports, have been a contentious issue. Puntland argues for more control over its resources and a fair share of the revenues generated from them.
3- Security disagreement: The security situation in Somalia is complex, with various armed groups and terrorist organizations operating in different regions. Puntland has at times pursued its own security agenda, sometimes at odds with the Somali federal government’s priorities. This has created friction over security coordination and counterterrorism efforts.
4- Political Representation: Puntland has often felt marginalized in the federal government’s decision-making processes. Disagreements over the allocation of political representation and power-sharing arrangements have strained the relationship between Puntland and the central government.
5-Constitution and Federalism: Somalia has been working on a new federal constitution to accommodate the aspirations of its diverse regions, including Puntland. However, disagreements over the structure of federalism and the division of powers between the federal and regional governments have stalled progress in this area.
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