This issue gets misconstrued all the time.
The "Muslim philosophers" were people who were way too into Ancient Greek philosophy (particularly Aristotle) and tried to mix Islam with the philosophy of Aristotle. Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Ghazali and others were right to oppose them. You'd have to be crazy to want to attend the khutbah on jummah and listen to the imam citing Quran, Sunnah and Aristotle.
We have "Muslim philosophers" running around today and they're a menace- "liberal Muslims," "feminist Muslims," and I believe to a lesser extent as I think they're a little less prevalent since the fall of the USSR- "Islamic socialists," "Islamic Marxists," etc.
All these people are the modern-day descendants of the "Muslim philosophers" as they do the same thing- they mix Islam with some outside philosophy. And all they do is push deviancy- with them, it's forget Quran and Sunnah- Islam and Quran and Sunnah as well (according to their approach) need to to conform with liberal ideology... or feminist ideology... or Karl Marx.... or Aristotle, etc.
When the scholars of Ahlus Sunnah combatted the encroachment of philosophy into the dīn, they were combatting stuff like people trying to mix Islam with Aristotle- it has nothing to do with telling people they can't use their brains. Islam promotes reasoning but our reasoning needs to be in line with Quran and Sunnah. The "Muslim philosophers"- they would put what Aristotle said over what Quran and Sunnah said. In modern times, you can look at "liberal Muslims," "feminist Muslims", "Islamic socialists" and you can see the same thing happening.
Revelation came through the prophets. Philosophy is through the philosophers. Plato, Aristotle, Kant, etc.
Islam is already perfect. You are never going to improve Islam. And you will never improve Islam by mixing Islam with Aristotle... or Kant... or Nietzsche... or Hegel... or Confucius.
"Muslim philosophy" is and always has been a menace and the entire agenda behind the narrative being pushed that glorifies it and condemns the fight that was carried out against it... the entire agenda behind this narrative being pushed is to make Muslims more open to Western philosophy and thus to Westernization. Behind the veil of its rhetoric, it's just a plot to Westernize Muslims.