Turkey and Somalia have entered into agreements granting Turkey exclusive rights to explore and produce hydrocarbons in six blocks—three offshore and three onshore—spanning a combined area of approximately 31,000 square kilometers.
In April 2025, Turkey and Somalia expanded their energy collaboration by signing an agreement for onshore hydrocarbon exploration. This deal permits TPAO to initiate oil and gas exploration across three land blocks covering approximately 16,000 square kilometers in Somalia
The oil and gas cooperation agreement between Turkey and Somalia outlines a revenue-sharing structure that includes:
This arrangement has sparked debate regarding its fairness and transparency. Critics argue that the terms heavily favor Turkey, potentially limiting Somalia's benefits from its natural resources. Proponents contend that the deal allows Somalia to tap into its hydrocarbon potential without bearing the financial risks associated with exploration and development.
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The agreement is set for an initial term of five years, with automatic three-year renewals unless either party opts out with at least six months' notice.
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As Somalia continues to develop its energy sector, the outcomes of this agreement will likely influence future negotiations and partnerships.
Under the Somalia–Turkey hydrocarbons agreement, Turkey is entitled to recover up to 90% of the annual oil and gas production value as "cost petroleum" to cover its exploration and production expenses before any profit-sharing occurs.
This cost recovery model allows Turkey to recoup its substantial investments—covering seismic surveys, offshore drilling, equipment, and operational expenses—from up to 90% of the annual output.
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Once costs are recovered, the remaining oil (known as profit petroleum) is shared between Turkey and Somalia. Reports suggest that Turkey will receive 70% and Somalia 30% of these profits.
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Additionally, Somalia is entitled to receive a royalty capped at 5% from the outset of production, even before Turkey recovers its costs.
This arrangement has sparked debate regarding its fairness and transparency. Critics argue that the terms heavily favor Turkey, potentially limiting Somalia's benefits from its natural resources. Proponents contend that the deal allows Somalia to tap into its hydrocarbon potential without bearing the financial risks associated with exploration and development.
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