There’s no PSA in place yet, so I’m not sure what you mean by this. We’ll have to wait for the estimated reserves per block, and only then will the PSAs be negotiated.
Yep, PSA are all that matter, without a PSA in place no block is technically part of any contract area.
And since Contract Area has been defined as follows:
Contract Area means, for each onshore and offshore Block in the Territory of Somalia, the area covered by and described in each Production Sharing Agreement, and any such area as may be modified in accordance with each Production Sharing Agreement, including through amendments, relinquishment, withdrawal, extension or otherwise.
It indeed boils down to PSA that the FGS negotiates for each block within the Contract Area. If FGS doesn't like what Turkey offers, it can just refuse to formalize a PSA for the block in question. Which means Somalia can't sell nor offer that block to anyone for a period
5 years. But beyond that, it's an open market. So if Turkey takes a neocolonial approach, it could lose the pioneer's privilege.
Production Sharing Agreement means the agreement which shall be entered into between the Federal Government, on the one hand, and the Contractor, on the other hand, making provision, along with other project agreements, for the exploration, appraisal, development and production of Petroleum from the Contract Area, as each such agreement may be hereafter amended, modified or extended in accordance with the terms thereof.
The agreement is open for amendments. Effective for only five years, it can be terminated in 4.5 years; the FGS doesn't like the trajectory Turkey takes. And it can be renewed for periods of 3 years, leaving room for both parties.
10.2 If any dispute cannot be resolved within ninety (90) days from the date of commencement of any such consultations and/or negotiations, either Party may elect to submit the matter for final and binding resolution to be settled by arbitration in accordance with the arbitration rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law ("UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules") as at present in force
All I see is that the FGS gave up major concessions to entice Turkey to always seek win-win deals. There is more for Turkey to gain by building trust and a good reputation as a serious and trustworthy nation. Turkey has much more to lose by being forceful or exploitive. The agreement, without a doubt, gives Turkey privileges not commonly granted in today's climate, but the final verdict is in the hands of the FGS, not Turkey.
The agreement only works if both parties operate in good faith. It is up to Somali institutions to decide what kind of PSA they deem acceptable and, above all, how the revenues will be spent.
Potential disputes
If any dispute cannot be resolved within ninety (90) days from the date of commencement of any such consultations and/or negotiations, either Party may elect to submit the matter for final and binding resolution to be settled by arbitration in accordance with the arbitration rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law ("UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules") as at present in force.
I'm actually worried this agreement will be ruined by the fixed mindset prevalent in the dark continent.