.When chewers spendmost of their income on khat away from their families, they fail as breadwinners and decision makers. Moreover, consumers of khat fail as men when they spend most of the day in the feminine space of private homes and khat cafés. Khat also challenges male identity when it causes impotency and the involuntary loss of semen (spermatorrhoea) whereby men loose the ability to reproduce the Somali people.12 Moreover, the loss of masculinity is also seen in the widespread belief that consumers are weak, that they have lost their muscles, have bad teeth, and suffer from various diseases. Among chewers, the loss of potency and semen is also of great concern. Many chewers tell stories of how they have lost their semen when going to the toilet, and how they have been unable to satisfy their wives because of khat.13