Is Type 2 Diabetes Reversible? Yes, and for the Long Term, Say Researchers
It is possible to not only reverse
Type 2 diabetes, but to stay free of the condition long term, according to a new study from Newcastle University in the United Kingdom. Approximately 29 million people in the United States have Type 2 diabetes, and another 86 million have
prediabetes.
Previous research by Professor Roy Taylor, MD, FRCP, indicated that following a roughly 800-calorie-a-day diet could reverse Type 2 diabetes. However, the study only lasted eight weeks, so it was not clear whether the diabetes would stay away for the long term. To evaluate this, Taylor and his team worked with 30 people who had had Type 2 for six months to 23 years and who were overweight or obese. During the first eight weeks of the study, the volunteers consumed three diet shakes per day, along with about 240 grams of nonstarchy vegetables, for a total of about 600 to 700 calories daily. After eight weeks,
solid food was gradually reintroduced at weight-maintaining levels of roughly 1,600 to 2,000 calories per day, or roughly one-third less than the participants had been eating before the study. The volunteers were also seen once a month for six months and provided with an individualized weight maintenance program.
On average, the participants lost 14 kilograms, or about 31 pounds, and did not regain any weight during the six-month study period. And although they remained overweight or obese despite the weight loss, 12 of the participants who had been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes within the last 10 years reversed their condition and remained diabetes-free six months later. And after six months, another subject reversed his diabetes. These participants, the researchers say, had lost enough weight to take the fat out of their pancreases and restore normal insulin function.
“We have shown that it is possible to reverse your diabetes, even if you have had the condition for a long time, up to around 10 years. If you have had the diagnosis for longer than that, then don’t give up hope — major improvement in blood sugar control is possible,” says Taylor. “The study also answered the question that people often ask me — if I lose the weight and keep the weight off, will I stay free of diabetes? The simple answer is yes!”
However, obesity expert Arya M. Sharma, MD, who was not involved in the research,
was careful to note that “It’s a proof-of-principle study showing that if you lose weight through a diet, there’s a good chance your diabetes will go into remission. But by the same note, if you put the weight back on, your diabetes is going to come back.”
A study including 280 participants is currently being conducted to determine whether this weight-loss approach for reversing Type 2 diabetes can work for people under the care of their family doctor and nurse.
Battling diabetes another hurdle for Somali immigrants
Diabetes is a complex disease and navigating a daily regimen of medications, blood sugar checks, diet, exercise and doctors visits can be overwhelming in the best of times. It's even tougher for immigrants still learning English.
Advocate Sahra Nur works with Somali senior citizens in one Minneapolis building. She's set up a workshop for them with a dietitian who specializes in controlling diabetes. Nur says she felt compelled to start the sessions after witnessing how one diabetic stopped taking care of himself.
Medical clinic MPR Photo/Jessica Mador
"He's a tough one. There are a few tough ones in this building but you have to keep trying," said Nur.
She says he is already missing one leg and is at risk of losing the other to diabetes. Before the workshop, Nur visits the man's apartment to invite him to attend. She knocks for a while. No one answers. When she turns to leave, the door suddenly opens.
"Sorry to bug you, man. Do you want to come to the meeting?" she asks.
"No," he says.
"Just for a few minutes," she asks again.
"No," he emphatically replies.
The man slams the door in her face, saying he can't go.
"We try," she says. "Sounds like an excuse, but you never know. You have to give people the benefit of the doubt."
Frustrated but undeterred, Nur says she is working on new ways to approach diabetics like this man, who are particularly resistant to seeking help.
Downstairs, the bilingual workshop is getting under way. About a dozen mostly Somali women, some of them in wheelchairs, sit around a table in an airy, plant-filled space. They wear traditional full-length dresses, and some wear head scarves.
Food guides MPR Photo/Jessica Mador
Dietitian Pamela Gaard holds up plastic models of common American foods to help illustrate healthy portion sizes. She says portion control is key to managing diabetes and obesity.
"Okay, this other small part of the plate is for your starchy foods," she said. "So we are talking about rice, pasta, injera, flat bread, any kinds of breads or crackers."
The traditional Somali diet revolves around pasta, rice, injera bread, meat and tea with lots of sugar. Gaard says it's a diet that, when combined with a more sedentary lifestyle than they had in Africa, can lead straight to diabetes. But resident advocate Nur says it's not easy for older Somalis to expand their palate.