For those of you interested i want to start a discussion about the question: Why did Somalia (1960-1991) fail as State ? I start with answering this question:
1) The most obvious reason for me is there was never a common somali identity which fully replaced the clan identity. Specially the big "noble" tribes would have lost to much privileges. Yes during the Kacaan there was a basic sense of Somalinimo which spread among the people but MSB himself and later the rebels used lineages for their goals. So Somalinimo was never a fully adapted principle in the society.
2) There a many definitions in many different Sciences of what a State is but lets just say a state is an Organisation with a folk (for example somali people) and a defined territory. In a State only a group of people have the power to use force on other people. We call this group government. The power that this government have, splits into three sections. First the power to make laws(Parliament and constitution), second to make sure this laws are followed (Police force) and third to take everyone unaccountable (Court) who breaks this laws. By this simplistic definition of a state we shall all realize there was NEVER a somali state before 1960.
The somali people who never ruled a State couldn't deal with a new System where only a defined group (government) had power. The kill of the second Somali president AUN by his bodyguard, the disregard of the Constitution during the Kacaan Era and their crimes against Humanity, the formation of tribal rebel groups and corruption to an unbelievable extent by all three goverments during 1960-1991. These examples showed that the somali people and their government(s) weren't ready to delegate the Power to the government and the government weren't ready to use this power in a proper manner.
3) The third reason for me is Somalia is based on colonial borders and not somalinimo. Pre Colonial times there was not a somali empire which was divided by the colonial powers. Different Somali Tribes were forced by these cadaans to share a country. In other words the tribes of the somali republic never agreed upon to share a nation with each other, rather it was forced on them after the new african nations agreed to not change any colonial borderline. People saying somalia is the only african nation state with 100 % somalis is bulshi*t. Every Somali is only loyal to his subtribe for example majeerten or Abgaal and ect. So Somalia was an artificial State consisting of many different ethnics (subtribes). One could say somalia is multi-ethnic state with more than 100 ethnic groups who only share language and religion.
1) The most obvious reason for me is there was never a common somali identity which fully replaced the clan identity. Specially the big "noble" tribes would have lost to much privileges. Yes during the Kacaan there was a basic sense of Somalinimo which spread among the people but MSB himself and later the rebels used lineages for their goals. So Somalinimo was never a fully adapted principle in the society.
2) There a many definitions in many different Sciences of what a State is but lets just say a state is an Organisation with a folk (for example somali people) and a defined territory. In a State only a group of people have the power to use force on other people. We call this group government. The power that this government have, splits into three sections. First the power to make laws(Parliament and constitution), second to make sure this laws are followed (Police force) and third to take everyone unaccountable (Court) who breaks this laws. By this simplistic definition of a state we shall all realize there was NEVER a somali state before 1960.
The somali people who never ruled a State couldn't deal with a new System where only a defined group (government) had power. The kill of the second Somali president AUN by his bodyguard, the disregard of the Constitution during the Kacaan Era and their crimes against Humanity, the formation of tribal rebel groups and corruption to an unbelievable extent by all three goverments during 1960-1991. These examples showed that the somali people and their government(s) weren't ready to delegate the Power to the government and the government weren't ready to use this power in a proper manner.
3) The third reason for me is Somalia is based on colonial borders and not somalinimo. Pre Colonial times there was not a somali empire which was divided by the colonial powers. Different Somali Tribes were forced by these cadaans to share a country. In other words the tribes of the somali republic never agreed upon to share a nation with each other, rather it was forced on them after the new african nations agreed to not change any colonial borderline. People saying somalia is the only african nation state with 100 % somalis is bulshi*t. Every Somali is only loyal to his subtribe for example majeerten or Abgaal and ect. So Somalia was an artificial State consisting of many different ethnics (subtribes). One could say somalia is multi-ethnic state with more than 100 ethnic groups who only share language and religion.