HISTORY How were we subjugated by the yohannes and menelik expansions?
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The Europeans were arming Abyssinians to the teeth, while putting a blockade on Somalis, which is why they succeeded in expanding into the Ogaden for the first time in their history. The moment Somali polities managed to bypass the blockade and rifles entered Somali hands, these expansions were pushed back, with only Harar still under their yoke, the rest was completely out of their hands, especially during the Dervish period. Itβs only through back room treaties with the European imperialists in the 1950s that they acquired control of the Ogaden. This is why I laugh when they are portrayed as an African βanti-colonialβ symbol when they were in-fact collaborators.
So did they really defeat us through strategical genius or plain support from the europeans? and also there could be many different scenarios where if the egyptians mabye won against the ottomans and continue maintaining a presence there the ethiopians rise would be much harder, Also is the claim true that it was easy for ethiopian expansions there due to many clans in the region having external rivalries with neighbouring clans in the region?
Khaem
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VIP
It's all possible due to European support and blockading of Somali ports
They had no strategies, they were purely relying on the superiority that comes with owning a rifle which they received from the French and Russians. Once the playing field was levelled, not only did they fail to expand further, they suffered defeats at the hands of the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish. As for rivalries, you should be aware that Somalis from as far away as modern Puntland were plotting ways to recapture Harar. Unfortunately for them, they and other Somali groups ended up having to fight European imperialists for decades.
So another question is how come the Europeans supported them and could you perhaps tell me a Alt timeline on how this all could have been averted and the ethiopians were thwarted? There were so many what ifs. And also if you can could you guys share more sources and documents as that would help me gain more knowledge about this place and era.
Khaem
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VIP
It's because they were Christians surrounded by Muslim Somalis and Arabs whom the Europeans despised. Also cadaan Christian fan fiction stories such as Pester John being from Ethiopia also fed into the legend.
Same with Europeans forcing ottomans to concede to Christian populations like in Armenia, Lebanon and balkans until they were carved up into independent states and into European spheres. Ethiopia after the 1860s and the death of Tewodros II became a client state of the British.
Simple we werenβt it was only menelik who e xpanded into Somali Lands. The French and Russians blocked Somalis from modern armaments while supplying them to Menelik
Cab you provide me some more sources of other military ventures lost to fully make it concrete that the ethiopians only won due to superior armaments?
@awsaleban667 you as well?
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There's numerous episodes of events that occured in north east africa
1. Meneliks war using Shoawan armies attacking bale arussi and sidama between 1882. These wars were on the periphery and we fought alongside their muslim armies that were tied to brotherhoods that went on for decades and centuries including the sudanese revolt, there were Somali Salihiyas like Sheekh Sayid Mohamed of the Karanle that spent time with the Sudanese fighters as did the Isaaq HY Sultan Nuur Amaan but the Egyptian presence that grew exponentially blocked a greater regional war by curbing Christian expansion until Colonial powers came to the horizon. Similarly Sh Uweeys al Baraawi spread his ideology to South Eastern Africa that was called Uwaysiyya that challenged German East Africa.
2. After the Egyptians left their Ottoman possessions in the Somali peninsula, Menelik warred capturing harar in the chelenqo war of 1887. Massacring and deporting ancient somali dwellers of the city including sheekhaal, gugundhabe and karanles. This was the fight that involved Sheekh Maxamed Khaliif and he was executed on his sword outside his mosque the biggest of the city and became known as Khaliif Caanabaxay for his blood produced Milk. He was a Wali Allah and loved by the people. His descendants live in Babili. This was when Karanles in Babile were on vigilant alert while many moved to safer pastures behind the mountains, Menelik was not looking to expand initially and tried negotiating with Britain, Italy and France for weapons, recognition and support. Menelik put Ras Makonnen in charge of Harar whose son is future emperor Haile Selassie.
2. By 1895 he controlled the harar routes to assab, obock, zeila and he created an outpost at Jigjiga, and once Britain/Italy/France were consolidating their borders, Menelik knew they would start creating his borders too so he expanding via the Jarar river and Ter river to the south starting at Imey and Dhagaxbuur. This was when Garad Omar of the Gidir and Ugaas Mahad of Sixawle the great grandfather of the current Sixawle Ugaas fought heavily at Harmaale.
3. Thes wars continued, the jiidle and jajeele in the poem were fighting in mayumaluqu, the dagoodi fought the Amhara many times in Negeyle area, but this time the Amhara co-opted Boranas against the Somalis. Olol Diinle's father was captured by the Ethiopians in Baareey.
4. By 1900 they reached the outskirts of luuq, beledweyne and wardheer. This was the Amharas last push into Somalia that had a string of defeats most famously the Gumar sheel defeat.
5. Menelik started drawing back but continued isolated raids especially disrupting the luuq area that had an italian flag since 1895. Until 1908 Menelik would switch between making deals with the Mad Mullah and raiding other clans to divide Somalis.
6. Once Lij Yasu took over, the emperor improved relations between all groups and Axis rivals Turkey and Germany to the extent he was deemed a threat by the Ethiopian nobility and eventually deposed in a military coup by folks close to Haile Selassie. This was when they struck his positions in Harar that Karanle chiefs and other Hawiyes scorth earthed Harar during the start of the first WW.
7. After the end of WW Italy became powerful and built an impressive army that would finally topple the independent kingdom of Ethiopia and they used Olol Dinle to capture Addis Ababa and Harar, the Italians call him the first Somali since Gurey to capture Ethiopian capitals.
8. Successive Somali governments since 1960 supported Eritrea, Bale and rebel fronts to fight the Ethiopians with two major wars 1964 and 1977. The first gold medalists of that war were reer ceelbuur, Xalane, Doonyale and Cilmi Nuur. 1 Cilmi nuur won a second medal in 1977.
1. Meneliks war using Shoawan armies attacking bale arussi and sidama between 1882. These wars were on the periphery and we fought alongside their muslim armies that were tied to brotherhoods that went on for decades and centuries including the sudanese revolt, there were Somali Salihiyas like Sheekh Sayid Mohamed of the Karanle that spent time with the Sudanese fighters as did the Isaaq HY Sultan Nuur Amaan but the Egyptian presence that grew exponentially blocked a greater regional war by curbing Christian expansion until Colonial powers came to the horizon. Similarly Sh Uweeys al Baraawi spread his ideology to South Eastern Africa that was called Uwaysiyya that challenged German East Africa.
2. After the Egyptians left their Ottoman possessions in the Somali peninsula, Menelik warred capturing harar in the chelenqo war of 1887. Massacring and deporting ancient somali dwellers of the city including sheekhaal, gugundhabe and karanles. This was the fight that involved Sheekh Maxamed Khaliif and he was executed on his sword outside his mosque the biggest of the city and became known as Khaliif Caanabaxay for his blood produced Milk. He was a Wali Allah and loved by the people. His descendants live in Babili. This was when Karanles in Babile were on vigilant alert while many moved to safer pastures behind the mountains, Menelik was not looking to expand initially and tried negotiating with Britain, Italy and France for weapons, recognition and support. Menelik put Ras Makonnen in charge of Harar whose son is future emperor Haile Selassie.
2. By 1895 he controlled the harar routes to assab, obock, zeila and he created an outpost at Jigjiga, and once Britain/Italy/France were consolidating their borders, Menelik knew they would start creating his borders too so he expanding via the Jarar river and Ter river to the south starting at Imey and Dhagaxbuur. This was when Garad Omar of the Gidir and Ugaas Mahad of Sixawle the great grandfather of the current Sixawle Ugaas fought heavily at Harmaale.
3. Thes wars continued, the jiidle and jajeele in the poem were fighting in mayumaluqu, the dagoodi fought the Amhara many times in Negeyle area, but this time the Amhara co-opted Boranas against the Somalis. Olol Diinle's father was captured by the Ethiopians in Baareey.
4. By 1900 they reached the outskirts of luuq, beledweyne and wardheer. This was the Amharas last push into Somalia that had a string of defeats most famously the Gumar sheel defeat.
5. Menelik started drawing back but continued isolated raids especially disrupting the luuq area that had an italian flag since 1895. Until 1908 Menelik would switch between making deals with the Mad Mullah and raiding other clans to divide Somalis.
6. Once Lij Yasu took over, the emperor improved relations between all groups and Axis rivals Turkey and Germany to the extent he was deemed a threat by the Ethiopian nobility and eventually deposed in a military coup by folks close to Haile Selassie. This was when they struck his positions in Harar that Karanle chiefs and other Hawiyes scorth earthed Harar during the start of the first WW.
7. After the end of WW Italy became powerful and built an impressive army that would finally topple the independent kingdom of Ethiopia and they used Olol Dinle to capture Addis Ababa and Harar, the Italians call him the first Somali since Gurey to capture Ethiopian capitals.
8. Successive Somali governments since 1960 supported Eritrea, Bale and rebel fronts to fight the Ethiopians with two major wars 1964 and 1977. The first gold medalists of that war were reer ceelbuur, Xalane, Doonyale and Cilmi Nuur. 1 Cilmi nuur won a second medal in 1977.
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Battle of Harmaale
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A poet from Afgooye who witnessed the atrocities recites this poem in deep grief and sorrow, where the war was now twofold, involving both the Europeans and the Ethiopians.
Jazaakullah @Step a side thanks to your lessons I have a broader understanding of what happened there.
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