People generally have a misconception that history is "linear".
It is not. There is no end-goal we are supposed to be working towards and humans are perfectly content staying in one general mode of life if they have good social connections, live long enough and have enough food. Hence why Hunting and Gathering remained the only way of life for over
300,000 years.
We only shifted out of that lifestyle because of environmental pressures; as in, matters outside of our control provoking us into a response. The ice-ages basically hit and both animal and plant resources became more scarce, especially as the megafauna also died of around this time so from 40,000-50,000 years ago humans gradually began limping along with supplemental plant foods then gradually developed habits like grain-collecting, caralling animals and eventually within the same 5,000-10,000 year span seven different locations across the globe discovered animal and plant domestication:
- Fertile Crescent
- Eastern China
- Western Sahel
- Papua New Guinea
- 3 different locations in the Americas
Then it was really just an out of control runaway effect. Plant and animal domestication allows for the accumulation of resources (grains, livestock etc) and specialization (people doing work that doesn't involve getting food) so it inevitably can result in the establishment of hierarchies in that if you control those accumulated resources congrats; you're a King now. Get some tough specialized folks within your society to guard and control those resources for you and extract them for the rest of the population and congrats; you have a warrior class. And so on and so on.
Traditional agriculture also degrades the land over-time due to exposing the soil and basically destroying biodiversity like forests for monocrop fields. You also get overgrazing of land if the people aren't smart about their livestock. This along with how carbs and other plant foods provide cheap but low quality nutrition allows your population to overshoot as well which inevitably leads to a culture that must be expansionist. Hence why since the Neolithic revolution humans have been expanding far and wide:
- Middle-Eastern Farmers expanding into North-Africa, East-Africa, Europe, Central Asia and South Asia
- Bantu speaking farmers from West-Africa expanding all across Sub-Saharan Africa
- Rice-farmers from China expanding into the Korean Peninsula, Japan and Southeast Asia
Not to mention all the expansionism humans have practiced ever since. The empires, the conquests, the expanding ethnic groups absorbing others like Oromos in our own Horn region. None of this is progress. It's just humans acting out what you might expect given certain material conditions. And, well, we just happened to gradually stumble onto the material conditions required for capitalism to develop and also, alongside it, industrial production and certain discoveries like that of electricity and it all just got out of hand thanks to human ingenuity and cooperation and here we are with fighter jets.
Progress is an illusion. We're just animals reacting to environmental stimuli.